Food Division In Grass Soup :: essays research papers

Food Division in Grass Soup     Zhangs attitude towards splitting up food rations at the reform camp suggests he has not been wholly broken down and reformed by The Party. The significance of the dividing of foods illustrates his remaining integrity and emotions that the hunger has affected, but not removed.     "Unfortunately, no matter what group I was assigned to, the some others always trusted me" (164). Being trusted usually is a positive sign of your character, but Zhang feels it is an dirty burden and responsibility that he would rather not have dealt with. The fact that the other convicts trusted him indicates the fact that he was a cerebral convict who had approximately integrity left. In this way Zhang is not as reformed as his fellow intellectuals because the other small workers are quick to criticize others, especially other intellectuals - a form of betrayal. Their betrayal displays the self centered attitude that make s others doubt that particular convict would be fair in the partition. Zhang is more unwilling to grow people in and overanalyze what others say so that he can seem better in the authorities eyes. Only when he is asked specifically about Babylon does Zhang reveal something detrimental about him, yet even then he withholds comments that would have surely been used against Mr. "I like to eat watery things". Convicts cannot trust criminal convicts both because it is obvious they are not worthy of anyones trust and would partition the food completely unequally without fear of retribution. These convicts have no rectitude and are already accustomed to no one trusting them. "When it came to the question of how to sort up food, criminal convicts were not given a say" (166). Criminal convicts cannot participate in the partitioning of food, because they would undoubtedly cheat others out of their food. The division of food is much too important a responsibility to be plac ed on a criminal. The fact that they can underhandedly attain more food (i.e. - by stealing) also leads the intellectuals to believe that the people who rely merely on the partitioned food would divide it honestly and equally. The fact that Zhang steals food and still is trusted enough to divide the food is indicative of his worthiness.          The convicts in the camp do not seem completely void of emotions. "Seeing it, one could believe that these men, scraped clean of everything including freedom, could have made an aeroplane with their own bare hands" (165).

Rescue Of Susanna :: essays research papers

The Rescue of Susanna &9&9&9&9&9&9&9&9In the story of Susanna in the New volition of the Bible galore(postnominal) valuable lessons are learned. The story begins by describing the wife of a man named Joakim, the beautiful Susanna. She had been taught according to the law of Moses and was precise righteous. Because her husband was very rich the two elders who were appointed judges often were often there and anyone with a lawsuit came to them there. Susanna would spend the long afternoons in the large garden bordering to the house. The two elders sometimes watched her and they both secretly began to desire her. Their minds turned from what was holy and they only thought of her. They later developed a plan so that they could untruth with her, sneaking into the garden when she was bathing, they threatened to testify that there was a young man in there with her if she did not lie with them. Being the self respecting cleaning comradey that she was she answere d, "I am hemmed in on incessantlyy side. For if I do this thing, it is death for me and if I do not, I shall not escape your hands. I take aim not to do it and to fall into your hands, rather than to sin in the sight of the Lord." When the servants hear about this they are very surprised because nothing like this has ever been said of her before however they trust their elders and listen to them. As Susanna is being carried to her death God hears her prayers and aroused the hold spirit of a young lad named Daniel. Daniel pointed out the weaknesses in the two elders stories and the Jews rose against them.This story is memorable for several reasons. One is the fact that Susanna doesnt give in to the elders requests change surface when they threatened her life and her reputation. She has impressive faith in God and trusts him to make everything right. Another reason this story is memorable is how Daniel risked his own life by stand up against the elders to defend a woman wh om he did not even know. His faith in God is also very impressive.There are many lessons which can be taken from this story, some more obvious than others. One that plays an important role in our society today is the rule that one is unimpeachable until proven guilty.

Of Mice And Men - Symbolism :: essays research papers

The central element of this novelette is its symbolism. This novella has plenty of symbolical forms, such as people, creed, and some of the animals. sugarcoat has several foothold of symbolism, for example his disability is a symbol of the migrant workers who are just literally forgotten about, they are forgotten when they are no use to the owners. Candys dog is a symbol of a life only for advantage to others Lennie also for shadows this, he is belittled of his mind but enormously commented for his strength. in any case he is compelled to lie about the fight he had with Curley, this is a symbol of typical male society in the, Depression era. Crook has many symbolical items, his disability is a symbol of his loneliness. He constantly rubs his back with medicine to inoculate to himself, this is a symbol of the pain he intakes. He is exceedingly lonely. His book of California rights is a symbol of power and knowledge of his rights of granting immunity. The neatness of his stable is a symbol that he is trying to show that he has got the homogeneous things as white people. The farm is a very important symbol in the novella it is important because it is repeated throughout the novella it is reminding the reader of the hearty dream that Lennie and George have created. It is a symbol of brotherly love. The dream in some ways is like the whole Depression era it reminds the reader of freedom and homely pleasure.Curley and Curleys wife both represent evil both oppress and abuse the migrant workers. Curley especially harasses Lennie because of Lennies strength and how enormous he is. This is a symbol of cat and mouse.The horses rattling chains are a symbol of the slavery and lack of freedom. This symbol occurs quite often. The mouse in the novella is soft, small, this is a symbol of innocence. This for shadows Lennie he is venerable. Lennie is a symbol himself in his action towards beguiling soft things. Like when he stroked that ladies dress and she cried out rap e it was a symbol of the power a white woman had then. Another example of this is when crooks said to Curleys wife to go or he would call the headman to Curleys wife but all she did was black mailed him by saying, Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do if you open your trap, I could get you thread up on a tree so easy it aint funny.

the paper -- essays research papers

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Individuals have long been intrigued by the notion that persons expectations can perplex a reality. These are commonly referred to as self-fulfilling prophecies. Early scientific work in this area examined the Pygmalion effectwhen superiors high expectations of their subordinates performance are fulfilled. Since this inception, many getting even studies have examined this effect within various contexts and settingse.g., schools, government, and military. Studies of the Pygmalion effect have identified that a key mechanism through which leaders expectations influence their followers is by airlift the followers self-expectations, confidence, or self-efficacy. As a widely researched and generally accepted model of motivation, self-efficacy has been defined as peoples judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of body process required to attain designated types of performances". Persons level of self-efficacy has been associated with individual choices, goals, level of effort, skill acquisition, emotional reactions, persistence in the face of real or perceived obstacles and pressures, and intrinsic interest. consequently it has been found to be related to a variety of outcomes such as job search behaviors and re-employment, better negotiation role-play outcomes athletic performance and occupational manner path choices. Even more powerful than the Pygmalion effect, the Galatea effect is a compelling factor in employee performanc...

Abortion - Views from Both Sides Essay -- Social Issues

Abortion - Views from Both SidesAbortion is the ending of pregnancy before birth and is morally wrong. An abortion results in the death of an embryo or a fetus. Abortion destroys the lives of helpless, innocent children and is illegal in many countries. By aborting these unborn infants, humans are hurting themselves they are not allowing themselves to meet these new identities and unique personalities. Abortion is very simply wrong. Everyone is raised knowing the difference between right and wrong. Murder is wrong so why isnt abortion? People argue that it is not murder since the fetus being ruined is not living, breathing and moving. Why is it that if an infant is destroyed a month before the birth, there is no problem, but if killed a month after birth, this is inhumane murder? The main purpose abortions are immoral is how they are so viciously done. Everyday, innocent, harmless fetuses that could soon be laughing children are being brutally destroyed. One form of abortion is t o cut the fetus into pieces with serrated forceps before being removed, piece by piece from the uterus by suction with a vacuum aspirator. Another form consists of bringing the fetus feet first into the birth canal, puncturing its skull with a sharp instrument and sucking out the brain tissue. The body parts, such as the head, are given letters, rather than adjoin to the parts as what they are. In my opinion this is for the doctors who cannot face the reality of what they are doing. The re...

gatjay F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby as the Magician :: Great Gatsby Essays

Jay Gatsby as the Magician in The Great Gatsby   Magicians are known for the tricks that they play on the eyes. What often seems like antic, turns bring out to be just a careful flick of the wrist. In the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzerald, the magician is compared to the character of Jay Gatsby. The magician motif is used among new(prenominal) tools to strain that appearance is not always truth. The higher class throws sophisticated and glamorous parties that include many interesting people. They have fun and show by their fortunes with the solemn affairs. Jay Gatsby is described as a rich, powerful man, and mysterious man, scarcely all his fortune is made for a simple cause, the love of the beautiful Daisy Fay Buchanan. He is compared to a magician because he gives an appearance of being in a higher class than he really survives to. Gatsby strives to appear to be high class, but reality ends up hurting him hard in the end. Gatsbys money was not earned legal ly or inherited as a fortune from his large(p) uncle, but was made through illegal schemes. Gatsbys goal is to try to seem to be in a higher social class than the class where his birthright rear him. He creates the illusion of a higher stature. He does not care or so the money or any other material wealth. He cares about the love of a woman. Gatsby makes many illusions in hopes of showing his Daisy that he is in a class as high as hers and that they do belong together. What a magician does is deceive his audience. Jay Gatsby has to do that to make his audience believe that he belongs to a higher class than he was really born into.             The word spacious is often used to announce a magician. The title of the book is the introduction of the character of Jay Gatsby. He is the great magician that can create magic and charge all the spectators around him. Jay Gatsby throws wonderful parties to give the mirage of great wealth and high class. Only the most interesting people are invited. The thing is that he does not care for the people, but only of what they think of him. He does not show his own face, but gives the impression of someone really lavish by the parties and the guests.gatjay F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby as the Magician Great Gatsby Essays Jay Gatsby as the Magician in The Great Gatsby   Magicians are known for the tricks that they play on the eyes. What often seems like magic, turns out to be just a careful flick of the wrist. In the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzerald, the magician is compared to the character of Jay Gatsby. The magician motif is used among other tools to prove that appearance is not always reality. The higher class throws sophisticated and glamorous parties that include many interesting people. They have fun and show off their fortunes with the grand affairs. Jay Gatsby is described as a rich, powerful man, and mysterious man, but all his fortune is made for a simple cause, the love of the beautiful Daisy Fay Buchanan. He is compared to a magician because he gives an appearance of being in a higher class than he really belongs to. Gatsby strives to appear to be high class, but reality ends up hurting him hard in the end. Gatsbys money was not earned legally or inherited as a fortune from his great uncle, but was made through illegal schemes. Gatsbys goal is to try to seem to be in a higher social class than the class where his birthright put him. He creates the illusion of a higher stature. He does not care about the money or any other material wealth. He cares about the love of a woman. Gatsby makes many illusions in hopes of showing his Daisy that he is in a class as high as hers and that they do belong together. What a magician does is deceive his audience. Jay Gatsby has to do that to make his audience believe that he belongs to a higher class than he was really born into.        &nb sp    The word great is often used to announce a magician. The title of the book is the introduction of the character of Jay Gatsby. He is the great magician that can create magic and fool all the spectators around him. Jay Gatsby throws wonderful parties to give the mirage of great wealth and high class. Only the most interesting people are invited. The thing is that he does not care for the people, but only of what they think of him. He does not show his own face, but gives the impression of someone really lavish by the parties and the guests.

gatjay F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby as the Magician :: Great Gatsby Essays

Jay Gatsby as the Magician in The Great Gatsby   Magicians are known for the tricks that they play on the eyes. What often seems equal antic, turns proscribed to be just a careful flick of the wrist. In the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzerald, the magician is compared to the character of Jay Gatsby. The magician motif is utilise among some other tools to prove that appearance is not always reality. The mellower severalise throws sophisticated and glamorous parties that include many interesting people. They have fun and figure stumble their events with the grand affairs. Jay Gatsby is described as a rich, powerful man, and mysterious man, simply all his fortune is made for a simple cause, the love of the fine Daisy Fay Buchanan. He is compared to a magician because he gives an appearance of being in a higher class than he really cash in ones chipss to. Gatsby strives to appear to be high class, but reality ends up hurting him hard in the end. Gatsbys money w as not earned legally or inherited as a fortune from his commodious uncle, but was made through illegal schemes. Gatsbys goal is to try to seem to be in a higher social class than the class where his birthright put him. He shits the illusion of a higher stature. He does not care about the money or any other natural wealth. He cares about the love of a woman. Gatsby makes many illusions in hopes of showing his Daisy that he is in a class as high as hers and that they do belong together. What a magician does is deceive his audience. Jay Gatsby has to do that to make his audience believe that he belongs to a higher class than he was really born(p) into.             The banter great is often used to announce a magician. The title of the book is the introduction of the character of Jay Gatsby. He is the great magician that can create magic and fool all the spectators around him. Jay Gatsby throws wonderful parties to give the mirage of g reat wealth and high class. Only the most interesting people are invited. The amour is that he does not care for the people, but only of what they think of him. He does not show his own face, but gives the impression of someone really plush-like by the parties and the guests.gatjay F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby as the Magician Great Gatsby Essays Jay Gatsby as the Magician in The Great Gatsby   Magicians are known for the tricks that they play on the eyes. What often seems like magic, turns out to be just a careful flick of the wrist. In the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzerald, the magician is compared to the character of Jay Gatsby. The magician motif is used among other tools to prove that appearance is not always reality. The higher class throws sophisticated and glamorous parties that include many interesting people. They have fun and show off their fortunes with the grand affairs. Jay Gatsby is described as a rich, powerful man, and myste rious man, but all his fortune is made for a simple cause, the love of the beautiful Daisy Fay Buchanan. He is compared to a magician because he gives an appearance of being in a higher class than he really belongs to. Gatsby strives to appear to be high class, but reality ends up hurting him hard in the end. Gatsbys money was not earned legally or inherited as a fortune from his great uncle, but was made through illegal schemes. Gatsbys goal is to try to seem to be in a higher social class than the class where his birthright put him. He creates the illusion of a higher stature. He does not care about the money or any other material wealth. He cares about the love of a woman. Gatsby makes many illusions in hopes of showing his Daisy that he is in a class as high as hers and that they do belong together. What a magician does is deceive his audience. Jay Gatsby has to do that to make his audience believe that he belongs to a higher class than he was really born into.    & nbsp        The word great is often used to announce a magician. The title of the book is the introduction of the character of Jay Gatsby. He is the great magician that can create magic and fool all the spectators around him. Jay Gatsby throws wonderful parties to give the mirage of great wealth and high class. Only the most interesting people are invited. The thing is that he does not care for the people, but only of what they think of him. He does not show his own face, but gives the impression of someone really lavish by the parties and the guests.

English paper

Title Will Durant, a U. S author and historian, writes, Education is a progressive disc all overy of our own ignorance. This means that all the companionship tidy sum once had is misleading to what the truth rightfully is. Similarly, in Platos Allegory of the Cave and Frederick Douglasss Learning to Read and Write a ineffable butt against of gaining knowledge with all the ignorance is described. Plato describes a captive going on a Journey to gain knowledge that is behind him, later he was stuck double-dyed(a) at a wall of shadows his whole life.He goes back to suppose the new(prenominal) captives of his iscoveries and they want to kill him. Douglass is a slave who learns to read and write, going through stages to pass on each step. As he begins gaining knowledge he finds the truth or so slavery which startles him. Socrates idea that gaining knowledge is a difficult Journey to under sorb because by doing so it changes the way people visit the world, as proven by Doug lass experiences. In Platos Allegory of the Cave, Socrates illustrates a metaphorical story about attaining knowledge.He describes a countermine with men who argon enchained, prisoners of the cave. They face a wall that is all they preserve run into because they crappernot move t replacement heads. They cannot even tang behind them to see a walkway and a fire. As a person passes on the walkway, a shadow is project onto the wall in front of the prisoners this is all they know. Only the shadows are what is real to them because its all they charter ever known. Socrates says, How could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads? (Plato 479).The main point is that people cannot catch anything except what is cosmos projected right in front of them. Socrates point is that society has a limited understanding of knowledge, and is ignorant about what is beyond the surroundings. To acquire knowledge of the truth beyond the cave, one prisoner is f reed. As his eyes adjust to the light, he starts to see the real objects from the images that are projected onto the wall. He understands how the shadows were a false truth and unless an illusion and he feels bad for the other prisoners still stuck in the cave.He understands that they are not sightedness the truth. Socrates states, What he saw before was an illusion (Plato 480). So the prisoner returns to tell the others about his knew knowledge, but they couldnt understand what they were organism told. The other prisoners allow not accept the knowledge the escapee has learned and my even put him to death. But the chained prisoners dont understand that the whole world outside the cave is more real than the false illusions, or the shadows being projected onto the walls. Society doesnt want to accept knew knowledge people a lot resist changing what they know.Socrates prisoner goes through stages or the bear upon of knowledge, which is also shown in Douglass. In the allegory, when the prisoner first leaves the cave he stares at the sun and cannot see it takes date to sire accustomed to the brightness. Socrates describes, And first he will see the shadows best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, and whence the objects themselves (Plato 480). In time the prisoner will begin to understand the realities (Plato 480) that ne is tacing by going through the stages.This is shown in Douglass as well. Douglass is first taught to read by Mistress Hugh, but then she refuses to teach him. So Douglass turns to kids that e makes friends with to finish subscribe toion him to read. Douglass Sates, The light broke in upon me by degrees (Douglass 73) in other words, rearing is being achieved in stages. This is like the prisoner going through a process of gaining knowledge. Once Douglass is introduced to reading, he teaches himself to write by tricking the white boys into helping him learn.The process endured outside the cave by the prisoner- or t he process endured by Douglass- will be tedious (Douglass 74), and take time, but steps must be interpreted to gain any knowledge. The process of gaining nowledge can be painful Socrates idea of pain by being enlightened is played out in Douglass. When the prisoner is in a cave he is comfortable with the shadows on the wall and his surroundings, but if the prisoner is freed he will feel pain And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away to take refuge in the objects of visions which he can see (Plato 480).The new knowledge that he will gain is so different than what he is used to. This can be seen likewise in Douglass as well. When Douglass learns to read he learns the ruth of slavery which tormented (Douglass 71) him. He writes, It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but no ladder upon which to entrance out (Douglass 72). This is similar to the prisoner leaving the cave. He understands slavery and his rights are taken away, they ways that they are taken from their homes and make into nil is so cruelly wrong.This causes him great pain the only thing he has to look forward to is the hope of being freed. Because becoming enlightened is a painful process, umteen will resist or challenge what they believe, as illustrated by Socrates and Douglass. After the prisoner goes on his Journey of being enlightened, he goes back to the cave to tell his friends what he has learned, but they reject him. Socrates says, If any one tried to lose another and lead him up to the light, let them only catch he offender, and they would put him to death (Plato 482).The other prisoners think he is being ridiculous (Plato 481) and want to put him to death for his story about life outside the cave. They dont understand that they are the ones trapped in ignorance and the freed prisoner is telling them the truth. This also plays out in Douglass. Mistress Hugh began by being a caring lady and teaching Douglass how to read, but slavery soon made a big impact on her. l have had her rush at me with a face made all up of fury, and snatch from me a newspaper, in a manner that fully revealed her apprehension ( Douglass 70).The violence she projected toward Douglass when snatching the paper from him shows the resistance she now has toward him being educated. Many will resist being enlightened because society doesnt like to change what they already know. While society tends to resist enlightenment, those who are enlightened cannot eturn to their power ignorance, and pities others who are stuck there which is shown in Plato and Douglass.side paper ago then plans to backstab Othello and ruin his eff with Desman. Based on Shakespearean focus on the causa and his actions that developed the plot, it is shown he believes that freewill directs our lives. He does so by using development of the antagonist and sequencing of events. Shakespeare starts off with the story with the development of direct charact erization of agone as the antagonist who seeks revenge on Othello.In Act 1, Scene 1, lines 54-56 we have Ago start off speaking and Introducing his evil plan to sabotage Othello for not promoting him, yet instead promoting some new kid. Ago states, These fellows have some soul, and such a one do I profess myself. For, sir, It is as legitimate as you are Ordering, Were I the Moor, I would not be Ago. In following him, I follow myself Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty. From this quote, we see that Shakespeare directly develops Ago as an antagonist character.After reading what Ago has said, we learn exactly that hes actually doing everything for his own benefits and that he could really care less about others. Ago does not try to curve or seem to attempt to hide anything from the audience, so the sense of selfishness peaks out to the audience and the message Is conveyed pretty distinctly that he will do anything In his will to be In the position of higher power as well as take over those who are In the way. In Act 1, Scene 3, and line 12 we have Ago complaining and speaking towards the audience again.This time he says, Cassias a proper man let me see how To get his place and to plume up to my will. In double-knowing?How, how? Lets see?after some time, to abuse Othello ear, that he is overly familiar with his wife. After some time, to abuse Toeholds ear. Ago shares his plot to destroy Othello tit the audience. Since Othello is so gullible, Ago manipulates that fact and will make him believe that Desman is having an subprogram with Cassia. This is all happening due to a result of lagans choice to sabotage Othello and get him back.The direct characterization of Ago as an antagonist is showing how he plans on using one of Toeholds weak point?such as his love shared with Desman?to help revenge Othello and ruin him due to the fact that he did not promote him but instead, promoted Cassia. He also gets back at Cassia as well, by Incorporating Cassia Into his Lana to make It seem Like Desman Is deceit on Othello. Shakespeare then continues to use direct characterization as a development of Ago is thinking of another one of his mini plans to help get back at Othello.He is thinking of using the hired handkerchief that Othello had gave to Desman and place it in the hands of Cassia in order to convince Othello that Desman has truly been cheating. Trifles light as air, Are to the Jealous confirmations strong, as proof of holy writ this may do something. Shakespeare develops Ago as an antagonist using erect characterization by having him purposely plan out this evil plan of killing Adhesions and Othello love life and having Ago saying exactly to the audience what he believes shows a direct characterization.another(prenominal) example that supports the idea that Shakespeare uses direct characterization to help support the idea of freewill is in ACTA, scene 3, line 12. Here, he is specifically saying what he truly feels towards the Moor ( Othello), l hate the Moor And it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets, He has done my office I know not fit be avowedly With Ago directly saying that e hates the Moor shows a direct characterization that he is the antagonist because with him directly announcing that he hates the Moor, we can Just tell from that statement that he is our antagonist.This supports the idea of free will, because this quote also shows that although he hates the more, he is purposely going to play nice to him in order to get back at Othello. Shakespeare then uses sequencing of events to help support the idea of freewill. In the beginning of story, Shakespeare starts off with Ago planning to purposely tell on Desman and Othello and how they have ran off.In ACTA scene 1 and line 5 Ago says, Call up her father, Rose him make after him, poison his delight, Proclaim him in the streets incense her kinsmen, With Ago purposely putting himself out there as the person whose responsible for telling on Othello and Adhesions relationship, and agreeing to Adhesions father that he will bring back Desman we see that with the book beginning with Ago depicted as being a 2-faced person that this is only the beginning and that his characteristics as an antagonist will strengthen as we progress through the story.Because he was one of Othello men, and by him being unload and running to tell about their relationship shows that he Just wants to sabotage Othello and isnt being faithful to Othello at all. At the end of the book, where it is the last time Ago speaks in the play, his freewill is yet still emphasized. Othello has captured him as a prisoner after he found out what Ago had did to him and demands that Ago tells him why he did what he did. Ago says, Demand me nothing what you know, you know From this time forth I never will speak word. (5. 2. 1) Lagos intentions was to completely revenge and ruin Othello life and make him feel the pain and disappointment that he has gone through when he was not promoted. By having Othello still not knowing why Ago did what he did, even at the end of the story shows how the freewill of Ago was really meant to Just put Othello in great pain. Even though there were many events that supported the idea that Shakespeare believes in freewill, fate on the other hand can also play a role in directing our lives.In ACTA, science, page 15 Ago eventually ended up getting caught in his own plan ND did eventually get captured as a prisoner by Othello. We see this through the stage directions, (enter Ladylove, Montana, Cassia carried in a chair and officers with Ago, prisoner) By having Shakespeare use stage directions to clarify that Ago is now situations his ending result is still for him to fail in life again which was how he felt like he was when he wasnt promoted. In conclusion, Shakespeare starts off the story with Ago introducing his hatred for Othello to show how his freewill will pullout later through the story.We see how his revenge and all the situations hes gone through in order for himself to succeed in his own plan was freewill. How he decided to ruined Adhesions and Othello love life was freewill. By looking at Shakespearean main emphasis on the development of the antagonist, Ago and sequencing of events it is shown how Shakespeare believes that freewill directs our lives. One lesson that can be taken by this story is to not put in likewise much trust and high expectations for someone, because once they slip up itll hurt you lox more.English PaperAmbition In human beings is positive, but like most things else, It can be taken excessively far, and the results can compromise a persons happiness. When people AR e most ambitious, problems can occur because less time is spent doing the things that they I Eve, social Interactions are affected or physical Injuries can occur, thus compromising happiness In this poem by Des Walsh, a man has fallen victim to poverty because he took his intake too far. This man is thinking ba ck to how he got to where he Is, and he rime members a happy, glorified life.He remembers reading books and then imagines writing a book where he was not so ambitious and where his life was different. Somewhere In this mans life, h e was over ambitious and this was the cause of his poverty. When people strive to achieve goals, they often do not know their own limits and therefore, can fall into a pothole in the road of life. Some people experience such a life of hopelessness caused by ambition that they fear to make ago Is, Hereford they need help from others to hit the survivable that ambition has thrown t heir way.Ambition also affects the social Interactions that take place within society, If a person is striving 1 OFF The result is that he will degrade others and will push others down if it means that he can climb higher toward his goal. This only creates a path that over time, will close in on him. Each per son that is pushed away from him will eventually fall back upon him, cr ushing him and ending h is hope to achieve such goals. The result, happiness is compromised. Another way of thinking of this social concept is if one imagines throwing a rock up into the air, down a hill.The rock will go up, resisting gravity which represents other people. Eventually the rock will begin to fall a s the gravity pulls it down and it will land, lower than it started from. The result is a short time off leaning like he is on top of everyone else, then a long time of depression caused by loneliness. By less seeing goals and maintaining a healthy social life, happiness will be maintained while goals can still be achieved, only over more time. It would be like the rock rising very slowly from the grog undo, but instead, using gravity to assist it in its climb.I understand that this is a bit off hokey cystic comparison, but it works, right? There is one other result of ambition however, this on e I have experienced. When people are too ambitious, physical harm can be cause d. People will stop at nothing to achieve goals and that includes ignoring body signals and pushing their b dies to the points of injury. Every year, many baseball pitchers need to go for Tommy John surge ere cause they have goals to throw the ball harder each time, pushing out past the pay sisal limits of a human being.Fielders collide and end careers because of a determination to run down that fly ball. Everyone has experienced bodily harm from pushing their bodies too hard. R inners pull hamstrings, football players throw themselves into risks of concussions, all because t hose people will not consider the risks that are between them and their goals. For me how ever, one time when ambition harmed me was when I was younger. I was at the park with some

Hinduism and Buddhism Essay

In recent years, numerous Eastern philosophical thoughts have influenced the contemporary sphere in more ways than one. Eastern philosophy serves as the foundation of discipline and way of life for most Asians and even several individuals from the west . The moment of eastern influences not only incline on the purpose of commemoration of historical people but on the scrutiny of principles and doctrines that contribute to growth as well.In a strict sense, eastern philosophies have connections in one way or another and such connections are often found in the beliefs and practices of such schools of thought. Hinduism and Buddhism for instance are regarded as two of the oldest systems of discipline both in doctrine and practice (Moore & Bruder, 2005). These philosophies are two of the oldest in the Dharmic tradition, hence it is glib for Buddhism and Hinduism to be the subject of comparison.Hinduism is the oldest major religion still practiced today, it traces its roots from unrecorde d history. The doctrines of Hinduism are as diverse as its number of interpretations, as such, Hinduism per se is more of a spiritual attitude that spawns an array of religious and philosophicl beliefs and traditions (Moore & Bruder, 2005). The diversities come in different forms such as worship of elements in the form of whatever living entities up to cultured metaphysical theories (Moore & Bruder, 2005).The diversities of hinduism, conversely, are bound by the Vedic scriptures authority, these scriptures are the basis of understanding for the discreet natural state of things (Moore & Bruder, 2005). Buddhism on the other hand is a system of beliefs, originally from Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), that responds to the supposed predicaments brought about by suffering which extends its arm to the feelings of sorrow, dissapointment, frustration, discontent, disaffection, pessimism and unfulfillment (Moore & Bruder, 2005).Buddha narrows the resolution to suffering in the context of his qu artette noble truths There is Suffering, Suffering has its causes, suffering has an end and there is a way to end suffering in the eight-fold path (Moore & Bruder, 2005). Hinduism and Buddhism both believe in the cause and effect principles of Karma. Karmas is encompassed on the idea that intentions are the measuring factors of a persons deeds. In Karma, these deeds will be carried everyplace for several lifespans through an individuals incarnations depending if a deed is morally good or morally bad (Moore & Bruder, 2005).Another element similar to Buddhism and Hinduism as the principles is Nirvana, though defferences are evident in the ways and pith, the two are both directed to the attainment of the latter. Nirvana is a sanskrit word that literally means extinction and is applied in Buddhism and Hinduism as freedom from the cycle of life, death and reincarnation (Moore & Bruder, 2005). Personally, I concur to the system of beliefs suggested by Buddhism, primarily because it prov ides an easy, step-by-step die hard to the achievement of the goal, nirvana.Gautamas teachings, though hard and require discipline is the perfect path to enlightenment given that he primarily insinuates terrestrial desires and other emotions that resist an individual from discovering the true self. Moreover, Buddha implies simplicity of Buddhist practices in the sense that he himself noted that anyone can achieve the insights that he had via focus, sincere meditation, continuous elimination of worldly desires and freedom from egoistic thoughts, fear and anxiety.

Eu Law Synopsised Judgment of Marshall Essay

The case of marshal v southmostampton and South tungsten Hampshire athletic field health warrant (Teaching) (marshal (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 arose in the United Kingdom. It concerned a Miss Marsh all told who had been employed as a Senior Dietician with the Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health permission (Teaching) from the 23rd of May 1974 until her freeing on the 31st of March 1980, that is to say four weeks after she reached the mature of 62. Since 1975 the Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health sanction (Teaching) had a written policy of that in general, its female employees should retire at 60 while its male employees should retire at 65. The policy utterd that the conventionality privacy senesce will be the age at which social security rewards become payable. The policy was an implied term of Miss marshals employment contract. Miss Marshalls employers waived this general policy in the case of Miss Marshall. If her employers had not done t his, then she would have been dismissed on the 4th of February 1978 (upon reaching the age of 60) but was in fact employed until the 31st of March 1980 (four weeks after she reached the age of 62), thitherfore her employer waived theyre general retirement policy in respect of Miss Marshall for two years.The applicable pension legislation in the United Kingdom at the time of the carrier bag stated that men were eligible to receive a state pension at the age of 65 and that women were to receive state pensions from the age of 60 (Section 27 (1) of the Social Security Act 1975). However this legislation does not impose any obligation to retire at the age at which the state pension becomes payable and when a person continues in employment after the date when their state pension becomes payable, the payment of the pension is deferred. According to the order of reference, the sole movement for the dismissal of Miss Marshall was the fact that she was a woman who had passed the retirement age applied by her employer to women. In view of the fact that she suffered financial button consisting of the difference between her earnings as an employee of her employer and her pension and also since she lost the satisfaction she got from her work, Miss Marshall instituted proceedings against her employer in the industrial Tribunal.She contended that her dismissal at the date and for the reason indicated by her employer which was that she was a woman who had passed the retirement age applied by her employer to women be discriminatory treatment by her employer on the causa of awake and ,accordingly, unlawful discrimination contrary to the Sex Discrimination Act and Community law. Her claim was dismissed by the industrial tribunal as it was based on the infringement of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, since section 6(4) of that Act permits discrimination on the grounds of sex where it arises out of provision in relation to retirement the Industrial Tribunal took the view tha t the employers general policy constituted such provision but her other claim that the principle of equality of treatment laid down by directing 76/207 had been infringed was upheld by the industrial tribunal.Miss Marshall appealed this case to the Employment Appeals Tribunal and they upheld the decision of the Industrial Tribunal as regards that the claim was based on the infringement of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, since section 6(4) of that Act permits discrimination on the grounds of sex where it arises out of provision in relation to retirement but in relation to the mo question, the Employment Tribunal set aside the question of whether the dismissal violated the principle of equality of treatment laid down by directing 76/207, because although it did violate directive 76/207, the Employment Appeals Tribunal utter that an individual could not rely on an infringement of a directive before a United Kingdom Court or Tribunal.Miss Marshall appealed the decision of the Emp loyment Appeal Tribunal to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The Court of Appeal stated that Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) was constituted under section 8(1)A(b) of the National Health Service Act 1977 and was therefore an emanation of the State. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales referred two questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling, for an interpretation of European Union law. These questions were1. Whether the dismissal of Miss Marshall after she was sixty and on the grounds that she was a woman who had passed the retirement age applied by the Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) to women was discrimination which was prohibited by the Equal Treatment readive 76/207.2. If the coif to question one is yes, can the Directive 76/207 be relied upon in this case in national salutes or tribunals in spite of the fact that there may be inconsistencies between the Directive and sectio n 6 (4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975.The appellant (Miss Marshall) and the European Commission considered that the first question must(prenominal) be reacted in the positive. The appellant argued that the said age limit falls within the term work conditions within the meaning of articles 1 (1) and 5 (1) of Directive 76/207. Furthermore the appellant argues that the discrimination on the grounds of sex is one of the main reasons for having fundamental human rights and therefore the general principles of EU association law, and the exceptions to these principles must be interpreted strictly, more everywhere the exception provided for in condition 7(1) of Directive 79/7 is not relevant.The respondent (Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching)) maintains as regards the first question, that the laying down of divergent ages at which you can compulsory terminate a contract just reflects the lower limit ages stated by the State Social Security Scheme in the U.K. The respondent also considers that the state pension does not fall under directive 76/207 but is an aspect of social security and therefore falls under the directive 79/7 in which member-states can impose different ages to entitlement.The Court of Justice decided on the first question that the directive it fell under was Directive 76/207 as the question it was referred concerns the fixing of an age limit as to when to terminate employment following a general policy of dismissal. The question therefore relates to the conditions and rules governing dismissal. The court further stated that Article 5 (1) of Directive 76/207 provided that men and women be entitled to equal treatment in working conditions which includes conditions governing dismissal meaning that men and women are guaranteed the same working conditions without discrimination on grounds of sex.Following a policy of compulsory dismissing workers even if they get a retirement pension fluent falls under the te rm dismissal. The Court summed up the answer to the first question in saying that article 5 (1) of Directive 76/207 must be interpreted in meaning that having a policy whereby you dismiss a person for the reasons being that she is a women who has reached the age of qualifying for a state pension, when the age is different for men as it is to women, constitutes discrimination on the grounds of sex, contrary to Directive 76/207.The Court of Justice realised that since the answer to the first question was yes, then it is necessary to consider whether the appellant can rely on Directive 76/207 specifically Article 5 (1) of that directive in national courts and tribunals (Direct Effect). The appellant stated in their argument that directives are capable of conferring rights on individuals which may be relied upon directly before the courts of the member-States national courts are obliged by virtue of the binding nature of a directive, in conjunction with Article 5 of the EEC Treaty, to g ive egress to the provisions of directives where possible, in particular when construing or applying relevant provisions of national law. The appellant also stated that articles 2 (1) and 5 (1) of Directive 76/207 was sufficiently urinate to let the courts apply them, a view which the commission shared with the appellant.The respondent stated in its argument that the directive should not have direct effect as directives can never impose obligations on individuals and that it can only confer obligations on a member state in its capacity as a domain authority and not as an employer and finally it would be improper to put persons employed by the state in a come apart position than those employed by a private employer. The respondent also stated that the articles in Directive 76/207 were not clear and unconditional plenteous to give rise to direct effect.In answering the second question, the Court of Justice stated that it does not matter whether the state is an employer or a publi c authority when an individual is relying on a directive against a member state in legal proceedings. This is necessary to prevent the state taking usefulness of its own failure to comply with community law. The Court of Justice stated that the articles in the Directive 76/207 are sufficiently precise and clear in that they prohibit any discrimination on grounds of sex with regard to working conditions, including the conditions governing dismissal, in a general manner.Where a state fails to implement a directive by the end of the time period given, and if the provisions of the directive are unconditional and sufficiently precise, the Court of Justice control that the directive may be relied upon against the state, because otherwise it would not be compatible with Article 189s binding nature on directives. The Court of Justice answered the second question in saying that Article 5 in Directive 76/207 which Prohibits any discrimination on grounds of sex with regard to working conditi ons, including the conditions governing dismissal may be relied upon as against a state authority acting in capacity as an employer. The Advocates Generals perspective concurred with the judgement of this case.The legal significance of this case is that an individual may only rely on a directive in a national court when suing a public body but the term public body has been given a wide interpretation by the European Court of Justice. Although Direct Effect was founded originally in the Case 26/62,Van Gend en loos 1963 ECR 1, in the Marshall case we have just looked at, the vertical nature of the directive meant that Marshall could take advantage of it, although an employee in the private sector would not have been able to. This would seem to give public sector employees an unfair advantage over their private sector counterparts, but this glitch in EU law was fixed by the subsequent Case 14/83 Von Colson & Kamann v farming Nordrhein-Westfalen which established the doctrine of Indir ect Effect which is a mechanism of effectively using indirect means, to give a directive horizontal effect for all employees.BibliographyCases1. Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 1 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 3, bank note 11. 2 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 11, line 37. 3 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 11, line 36. 4 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 11, line 51. 5 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teachin g) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 15, line 37 6 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 17, line 2. 7 . Judgement of Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (Marshall (No.1)) 1986 1 C.M.L.R. 688 page 17, line 19.

Speaking Through the Movement of Dance.

Speaking Through the Movement of Dance Summary Many masses think of dance as human communication at its roughly basic level. Some form of dance can be found in every culture, regardless of its location or stage of development. It is easy to moot that dance is a natural, universal human activity. But what most people overlook to see is that dance can be found as a form of composing just deal any other genre out there. So this explains how and why dance is a form of writing, and goes specially into choreographed spring and how routines be a bulge out of writing. Whats the first thing that pops in your head when you think about dance or dancing?That its form of writing right? WRONG When thinking about dance or dancing the first thing most people think about is shaking their butts crossways the dance floor while grooving to the latest jams. But what most people dont realize is that dance is a form of writing, preternatural right? I would of never guessed that either, until I wen t on a recent trip back to Chicago, and one of my best friends invited me to a dance performance at her school, not only was the show very entertaining. I learned that dance is more than lamentable to the rhythm of the beat to your favorite song, but that dance tells a story.Which most people dont realize. Dance routines are very unique and explore states of mind and feelings such as pleasure and pain. Ive hear people who like to dance mention things like dancing is form art and writing. They say some people dance to transport their feelings and emotions. Other people dance to feel better, but dance can be used to tell a story. As if it is a language or written in a book. It utilizes many of the elements that can be found in other forms of writing and genres like tattooing, graffiti, Facebook post and many more.But what is dance really? You +1d this publicly. UndoDance is when people escape to a musical rhythm. They may be alone, or in a group. The dance may be an informal play, part of a ritual, or part of a professional performance. There are many kinds of dance, and every human society has its dances. Dances may be planned in detail, or they may be whatever dancers feel like doing. However, most dancing does follow some general style or pattern. Dance takes as its subject matter moving visual patterns, feelings, states of mind, and narrative, in various combinations.The form of the dance, the details and the parts as they work together to organize the structure, gives us insight into the subject matter. However, the details, the parts, and the structure are not as easily perceived as they are in painting, sculpture, or writing. Because when in dance you have to pay very close forethought to the little details and follow and feel what the dancers are doing. In this article I want to take a closer look only on choreographed dancing and how its a form of writing because the word choreography literally means dance-writing. stage dancing is not just stringin g together treads and figures.Thats boring. When choreographing a dance you need to first ask yourself why the audience is there. What do they want to see? What would interest them? Why should they like your piece? Or rase if they dont like it, how will it impact them. What will hold their attention at each moment? Keep your audience in mind during every step of your design. Just like an author when writing a book or any writing you still need to follow the same kind of travel in order for people to recognize and acknowledge your work because no one wants to read a boring book nor want to see a boring dance. hats why practice makes perfect. Writing, obviously, is my favorite form of expression. It allows me to dance with words, spin with anecdotes and tap out my frustrations. Just like dancing, it is not invariably easy or a graceful performance. Sometimes I falter, fall, miss a step and tap off beat. I sweat a dope when Im on deadline and I doubt my abilities when the task is difficult. But at other times, my words gracefully fly off the page like a ballerina mastering a leap. When I keep trying and practicing, the steps get easier and encourage me to keep dancing along.I can also express myself as a writer, expanding my repertoire with different styles. Just as dancers switch from tap and ballet to hip hop and jazz, writers also strengthen their skills and express themselves by varying the tone, organization and style. When Im frustrated, I tap out an opinion piece to persuade my audience. When Im happy, I compile a light-hearted narrative or anecdotal piece. When Im feeling sassy, I throw a little attitude into a blog post and quite an often, I spruce up my wording to jazz up an article. In reality, writers are dancers at heart.We sway to the words, we feel the meaning we wish to express and we typesetters case to a rhythm with every piece. And sometimes, we pop, lock and drop it just for fun. Work Cited Page Dance. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Aug. 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2012 What Is Dance to You? Yahoo Answers. Yahoo , n. d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. What Is Choreography? What Is Choreography? N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. Annette Lamb and Larry Johnson,. Dance. Dance. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012 Unknown. Dance Quotes. Dance Quotes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012

The Arab Spring: Implications for US Policy and Interests

IntroductionThe governmental uprisings in the Arab world during 2011 undeniably transformed the inwardness East and the conjugation of Africa (MENA) (Dalacoura, 2012 63). An volatile mix of deepening political grievances and a series of socio- economic problems, such(prenominal) as high unemployment, especially among youth, corruption, internal landal and social inequalities, and the deterioration of economic conditions were the vulgar causal f role player behind all the uprisings (ibid 66-67). worldwidely, these uprisings corroborate had profound consequences for the pursuit of long-standing United States (U.S.) polity goals and interests in the region, with regard to regional warrantor, energy supplies, military access, symmetric trade and investment, counter-prolif successiontion, counter menaceism, and the promotion of world rights (Arieff et al. 2012). The profound changes in the region may alter the framework in which these goals ar pursued and challenge the basic assumptions that get down long guided U.S. policies in the international system (Keiswetter, 2012 1). Regionally, the contagious nature of the uprisings, which started in Tunisia in December 2010 and later on spread to Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain or Syria (Dalacoura, 2012 63), conduct either to the overthrow of dictators or to internal fracturing (ibid 66). While Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Tunisia underwent troubled transitions away from authoritarian regimes, in Jordan, Morocco, and Oman, modest protests produced tentative steps toward reform (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 41).In clear of such differences, polity makers in the U.S. confuse adopted case-by-case (and highly unequal) approaches, which range from tacit bread and butter to outright military intervention (Shore, 2012). For instance, in countries such as Yemen or Saudi Arabia, the U.S. has turned a blind eye to governmental corruption and human rights violations. In non- allied countries, however, like Iraq, Afghanistan and Iran, the U.S. has condemned dictatorial practices, issued sanctions and even wars in the name of democracy (Shore, 2012).It could be argued, thus, that the U.S. response to the events of the Arab forswear has been cautious and contradictory at the same time. On the hotshot hand, Obamas nerve has been criticized for its app atomic number 18nt wish of a coherent approach, and its go forthingness to talk of representative i get aways while protecting national interests. On the other hand, supporters start out praised both the pragmatism and principle as a smart approach to international affairs (Kitchen, 2012 53).Within this framework, this paper will assess the impact of the so-called Arab kick on the US objectives regarding political and economic reform surveys for the midway East peace negotiations, energy issues, and security concerns. The main hypothesis of this paper is, thus, that as naval division of the current international system, where the concept of security a cquires multiple and more than complex dimensions that go beyond military terms, the U.S. policies in the Middle East are extremely shy and cautious. This paper argues that this obvious precaution and what many call a contradictory foreign insurance policy of the U.S. is the result of a series of economic interests to proceed oil-flows and global security concerns that cannot be disregarded in the political international arena. The U.S., thus, faces the difficult position of supporting its ideal of democracy and values on the one hand, and its long-term interests and security concerns on the other.This essay, thus, is change integrity in two main sections. On the one hand, a brief theoretical background on International Relations (IR) theories will serve as a basis to understand the motivations and approaches of the U.S. foreign policy in the region. On the other hand, an analysis of the old and current U.S. interests and policies in the Middle East will reveal the contradicti ons and concerns of the current U.S. Administration and the possible outcomes.Foreign Policy through the Lenses of International RelationsIn order to understand the U.S. foreign policy in the international system and more specifically in the Middle East, with its wide encompassing spectrum of foreign policy decisions, this paper shall approach the issue from the theoretical framework of International Relations (IR) (Vale, 2012 6).The International SystemThe international system, driven mainly by states, proponent, and anarchy, has had a profound effect on the United States since its inception (Vale, 2012 8).It could be say that there are ternary main several(predicate) forms of the international system the multipolar, the bipolar and the unipolar system. Tin the multipolar system, there are several great powers influencing international politics and competing for dominance (Vale, 2012 10). bipolar systems, could be set forth as a battle of titans of sorts as it happened between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War-, namely, where two major powers oppose one another for dominance in the system. Finally, the unipolar system, is when there is one superpower and no other major powers in the international system such as the Roman Empire or the United States after the fall of the Soviet Union until arguably the beginning of the 2003 War in Iraq (ibid 10).It can be said that contemporary international politics does not fit any of these models. Nevertheless, during the last decade a fresh structure seems to have appeared the uni-multipolar system. This system has a ace world superpower but with several major powers around it in the system which constrains the superpower so that it cannot act as if it were within a unipolar international system (Vale, 2012 10). Some authors, like Huntington, argue that this scenario is skinnyst one to the current international system where the settlement of international issues requires action by the whole ness superpower, the United States, but always with some combination of other major states (1999).Indeed, 21st century scholarship within IR moves away from the primacy of the state and assist order analyses towards the relationship that individuals have within the international system. This intellectual movement reflects experiences in international history that diminish the role of the state and reinforce the piece and humanity into the heart of a discipline whose origins lie in the motivation for action. This change is a 21st century phenomenon with experiential roots in the terror attacks of 9/11, the world-wide Financial Crisis, the Arab Spring uprisings, and the rise of hacktivism. These global, historical experiences are fostering the rise of cutting-edge and revolutionary IR theory that embraces complexity and multidisciplinarity (Oprisko, 2013). In other words, the trend within IR theory is mirroring the shared experiences of the 21st century re youthfuled emphasis on te rror, revolutions against inequality and social-immobility, and the success of hacktivism (ibid.).According to the neoclassic Realism theory of IR, the international system determines how states act and behave towards each other beca office the international system is anarchic and states compete for place quo power (Rose, 1998146). In other words, the scope and ambition of a countrys foreign policy is driven first and fore most by its place in the international system and specifically by its relative material power capabilities (ibid.). The 21st Century, however, is marked not with the political maneuvering of great states with competing visions, but with the elite hardly a(prenominal) accumulating power, on the one hand, and the general world, rejecting such elitism, on the other. The first movement toward a revision of the perspective quo interpretation of the international system was the 9-11 terrorist attacks. The reaction against this new kind of enemy and the war on terr orism exemplified an important reengagement with the social contract the state, the sovereign authority of the people, was no longer the only independent actor in the international political arena (Oprisko, 2013).Closely related to the emergence of the above-mentioned new enemies there is the change of the security concept during the last decades. Authors such as Ole Waever or Barry Buzan were some of the most predominant constructivists who define security after the Cold War, which included non-traditional elements such as human rights (Layman, 2012 4).The place of human rights in security is widely debated. Although before the Cold War security was traditionally defined in military terms, since Realism was the main school of thought, Constructivism argued for different perspectives, permitting the most thorough definition for security and national interests due to its ability to allow for change in the perception of what defines threats (Layman, 2012 6).Indeed, as Barry Buzan arg ues, social norms and cultural phenomena set up what is a security threat (Layman, 2012 6). Waever and Buzan define security as perceived threats to anything such as the traditional view of a state to non-traditional views of threats (Buzan et al. 1998 7) which include society, the environment, and economic laws. Threats are, thus, divided into different sectors the military sector, concerned with the armed capabilities of a state the political sector, concerned with the stability of a state the economic sector, concerned with the availableness to resources and the market the societal sector, concerned with the security and sustainability of culture and the environmental sector, concerned with the security of resources (Layman, 2012 8).Thus, the Financial Crisis in 2008 and the subsequent austerity endured by common citizens jar against a breaking-point with the suicide of Tarek al-Tayeb Mohammed Bouazizi in Tunisia in 2010. Dignity-filled rage erupted across four continents as t he Arab Spring spread across the Middle East and North Africa and hold protests engulfed Europe and North America (Oprisko, 2013). As we progress from the competing idealist traditions of the 20th Century, the emphasis from structural impositions are waning (ibid.). Human social agents and social structures are mutually constitutive, and social change can proceed causally in both directions simultaneously from agents to structures and from structures to agents (Bennett, 2003 489)U.S. Contradictory Approach to the Middle EastBearing in mind the previously described theoretical framework, the core American national interests at stake in the Middle East over decades should not come as a admiration namely protecting the U.S. homeland from the threats international terrorism and weapons of mass destruction ensuring the free flow of oil, vital to the U.S., regional, and global economies ensuring the security of Israel (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 48) discouraging interstate date that can thre aten allies and other interests ensuring transit and access to facilities to support U.S. military operations countering terrorism and stemming the proliferation of weapons (Arieff et al., 2012 1).Over the years, these interests have resulted a series of U.S. policy objectives advancing ArabIsraeli peace, protecting key oil-producing states, limiting the spread of regional conflicts, or ensuring U.S. military access and freedom of action within the region. Consequently, to ensure these objectives, the US has usually behaved as a status quo power in the Middle East, prioritizing the regional balance of power and a certain order over saddle horse political change (ibid).During the past 50 years, the U.S. has played two dueling roles in the Middle East, that of a promoter of liberal ideals, willing to wage war to spend a penny democracy, and that of a supporter of dictators who adhere to American interests and ensure stability (Shore, 2012). It can be said, thus, that the U.S. react ion to the Arab Spring uprisings has exemplified these two opposing policies. While the US was right away to defend the peaceful protesters in Egypt and laden citizens of Libya, taking any necessary measures to prevent gross humanitarian crimes, the U.S. has issued little more than formal warnings to the fact that Syrians are universe killed under Assads rule, Bahrain is cracking down on protestors, and Yemen is moving towards disaster (ibid.).However, the U.S. commitment to stability and the status quo partly sustained the regional moribund economic, political and social systems, functioning to the rise of Islamism and Salafism. After failing to overthrow the authoritarian regimes of the region, from the 1990s, terrorism came to focus. Thus, and particularly after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the hegemonic interest in the Saudi monarchy -as the largest oil producer- came into conflict with American national security priorities (Kitchen, 2012 54).However, after 9-11 the U .S. determined that the regions authoritarian regimes were actually the root of the terrorist problem, prescribing, thus, democracy as the antecedent to the Middle Easts socio-economic issues (Kitchen, 2012 54). Thus, in 2003, the Bush Administration launched the Freedom Agenda, asserting that stability could not be purchased at the expense of liberty, accenting that promoting democracy was not just about promoting American values, but was in the American national interest, since oppressive regimes created the conditions for radicalization and terrorism (ibid).However, the Freedom Agenda as part of the wider war on terror had obvious contradictions. While on the one hand the US was seeking short-term counter-terrorism measures through the security apparatus of allied authoritarian regimes, on the other hand, it was prioritizing the long-term emancipation of Middle Eastern societies to address the deeper roots of marginalization and underdevelopment (Kitchen, 2012 54).It could be ar gued that these contradictions were the background to the US response to the events of the Arab Spring (Kitchen, 2012 55).The Obama Administration and the U.S. Strategy In The Middle EastEven though the uprisings and political change in the Arab world have challenged many of the assumptions that have long informed U.S. policy makers, it can be said that many long-standing U.S. goals in the region endure (Arieff et al. 2012 1).The Bush administrations response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, overturned this preference for the status quo. The invasion of Iraq created a power vacuum in the gulf that Iran tried to fill. The war exhausted the U.S. military, spread sectarianism and refugees throughout the region, and unleashed a civil war. The Global War on Terror as well as brought the US into far more collaboration with Arab security services (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 48). The Bush administration failed to match its rhetoric on democracy with meaningful support for democra tic change (ibid).The legacies of Obamas predecessors war on terror had to be addressed, in order repair the US credibility and standing in the MENA region (Kitchen, 2012 55). Thus, during President Obamas first term, the U.S. announced its desire for a fresh start with the Muslim world, which started by withdrawing the U.S. military presence from Iraq and scaling down the worst excesses of the War on Terror, while maintaining a lower-key counter-terrorism campaign. While the administration has not managed to resolve the Iranian atomic challenge, it has assembled an international consensus and rigorous sanctions to pressure Tehran. Obama also made the peace process a top priority, although his efforts proved no more successful than his predecessors. and so the Arab Spring erupted, reshaping the regional agenda (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 49).It has been said that the events of the Arab Spring took Obamas Administration by surprise and underprepared (Kitchen, 2012 55). While the politi cal reform was in the overarching interests of the US, and was both sustainable in the region and compatible with Americas other priorities (ibid 56), the White House, however, was worried that over-enthusiastic American support could undermine the revolutions authenticity. Thus, Obamas rhetoric in public was cautious, as he sought to balance competing interests in the scene of uncertain events, while at the same time the administration used its long-developed relationships in the region to try to shape developments (ibid.).Egypt constitutes a clear example of this delicate situation. While the clear win for the Muslim Brotherhood did not fall within the U.S. s expectations and interests in that country in particular, the following military coup, although morally questionable (at least in the 21st Century), has hardly been challenged. Indeed, having a military regime that wants to maintain the peace with Israel, is probably the most comfortable option for the U.S. in a region where nothing is settled so far.Despite the massive changes across the Middle East ever since 2011, there are still several rapidly evolving dynamics that any viable U.S. strategy must account for. First, the so-called Arab Spring has altered key regional dynamics, regime perceptions of internal and external threats, and the role of different political actors, whereby a mobilized public opinion has an unprecedented role in regional politics. Second, Iranian nuclear and hegemonic ambitions continue to worry its neighbors, Israel, and the West. Third, while al-Qaeda has suffered organizational and political setbacks, its affiliates have adapted in disconcerting ways. Fourth, the IsraeliPalestinian issue continues to be a core element of regional instability and a source of potential violence (Khal and Lynch, 2013 41).The Arab Spring and the US Interests Challenges and OpportunitesIn response to the Arab uprisings, the Obama Administration has taken a reactive approach, trying to adjust U.S. regional policies while coping with multiple ongoing crises (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 49).In 2011, when addressing the impact of the Arab Spring on U.S. interests, Obama admitted the unsustainability of the status quo and advocated relations based not only on mutual interests and mutual respect but also on a set of principles, including opposition to the use of violence and repression support for a set of universal rights and support for political and economic reform in the MENA region that can meet the legitimate aspirations of routine people throughout the region (Keiswetter, 2012 4).However, contradictions were again inevitable. Although the administration recognized the importance of seeking to change in Egypt and across the region, it was quickly pulled up at the prospect of confrontation with Saudi Arabia over a possible political transformation in Bahrain (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 49). Similarly, while the administration recognized the need for democratic change in the region, allowing, thus, the democratic process to develop even when elections produced Islamist victors (as it happened in Tunisia and Egypt), it always resisted calls for a more costly and risky intervention in Syria (ibid.).Despite the Administration include democratic reform and public engagement, a workable strategy to implement these principles has yet to be put in place (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 49). Indeed, even when sensible policies were pursued, they have frequently not been communicated strategically, which transmits uncertainty about American priorities in the region.Given the current environment in the Middle East, any attempt to draw a more coherent approach must consider five strategic dilemmasFirst, maintaining the free flow of oil may require robust security ties with disjuncture regimes, which would increase the U.S. dependence on the least democratic and iron-fist ruling governments in the region. This dependence would undermine the U.S. soft power with the Arab public and may contribute to the emergent SunniShiite Cold War in the region (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 51). The Saudis, among others, have been able to compensate for the disruptions caused by the Libyan events. Thus, a strong US commitment to the security of the Gulf will be vital to oil market stability in the future (Keiswetter, 2012 2). It could be said, thus, that the main challenge for the U.S. here will be being able to maintain traditional allies while supporting the democratic values it has been forever defending.Second, while a U.S. presence throughout the region and close cooperation with partner governments security services may be necessary for combating terrorism, this American military presence in the Arab world will continue to provide extremists with propaganda and recruitment opportunities (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 51). The Arab Spring uprisings, based on universal values and rooted in the demand for jobs, justice and dignity, high fall the bankruptcy of Islamic extremism sanction ing violence as the only way to obtain societal changes (Keiswetter, 2012 2). While none of the 2011 uprisings in the Middle East was led by Islamist movements or had an Islamist agenda (Dalacoura, 2012 74), Islamist movements have proved to benefit from them politically (ibid 75). Indeed, the upheavals provide opportunities, as it happened in Yemen, for Islamic extremists to gain ground (Keiswetter, 2012 2). As exemplified before with the case of Egypt, the U.S. faces the challenge of having Islamist regimes freely elected in stagnant countries, whereby radical movements are like to mushroom, or take an active role in the future political direction of the region, which will probably die to international criticism.Third, tilting toward Israel in the Palestinian conflict may be essential to reassure Washingtons commitment to Israels security (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 50). However, Israeli leadership argue that the wave of unrest in the Arab world is endangering Israels security by pote ntially replacing relatively friendly neighboring governments with Islamist and potentially distant governments (Arieff et al., 2012 3).Fourth, a forceful military U.S. intervention in Syria could hasten the demise of Assads regime, reduce humanitarian suffering, demonstrate leadership, and weaken Iran. However, such intervention would also require a major investment of military resources, returning the US to the protracted commitment that it just escaped in Iraq, and consuming resources necessary to deal with Iran and other global contingencies (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 50).Fifth, the unclear prospects for democratic change. The consensus in Washington from the 1990s has been that democratization will lead to the emergence in the Middle East of regimes which are supportive of the U.S. (Dalacoura, 2012 78). However, the Middle East has been described as immune to the waves of democratization which have transformed other regions. Moreover, focusing attention on democracy in the Middle E ast has been criticized for reflecting the priorities of western and in particular American political science (ibid 71). On political and economic reform, the nature of the democratic political systems in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya remains to be seen (Keiswetter, 2012 2). Indeed, one of the U.S. greatest fears is credibility in what new Middle East will emerge from the current turmoil (Shore, 2012).Sixth, it can be said that Irans nuclear and regional hegemonic aspirations are one of the major pre-Arab Spring concerns for the US. It is feared that a nuclear-armed Tehran would increase its support for militancy, terrorism, and subversion in the Levant, Iraq, and the Gulf, which would notwithstanding destabilize the region (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 43). Thus, Irans nuclear program could have a decisive impact on regional politics (ibid.).Seventh, the Arab Spring has shown the limits of American power in the Middle East. Both the U.S. and Europe are missing the necessary financial resources to shape prospects in the Arab Spring countries. Thus, investment will also have to come from countries, such as the Gulf states or China, who do not share to the same extent the Western interest in reinforcement of democratic values (Keiswetter, 2012 2).In any case, the ultimate strategic effects of these changes are not clear. Many fear the emerging power of Islamist movements, elected or gaga (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 43). The anti-American protests in September 2012 in response to a YouTube video, and the uneven governmental responses to the crisis were a clear sign of the underlying turbulence which might involve future U.S. policy in the region. In other words, the emerging regional order combines a complex array of contradictory new trends (ibid.).In light of the Arab uprisings, it is highly important to prioritize political and economic reform. However, pushing reform complicates ties with key autocratic partners, may cause a nationalist backlash in some democratizing states, and may also risk empowering Islamist groups less inclined to cooperate with the US (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 51).ConclusionA major question that remains to be answered is whether the uprisings will eventually lead to the democratization of the Middle East and the end of the authoritarianism that has undermined its political life (Dalacoura, 2012 79).On the one hand, the most immediate prospects for the Arab Spring are continuing instabilities as states try to solve their political and economic situations, as well as their relations with other countries rising influence for those countries with the necessary resources to back up their policies and the subsequence of a visible but attenuated role for the U.S. (Keiswetter, 2012 2). The long-term prospect, on the other hand, includes also the possibility Middle East with a much high degree of freedom, more democratic, prosperous and accountable, less abusive of human rights, and thus a net positive outcome for U.S. interests (ibid.). Wi th the dramatic rise in frequent activism empowered by the new technologies, it is clear that long-term stability in the region will require meaningful steps by all governments towards a genuine political and economic reform (Kahl and Lynch, 2013 42). The U.S. has had to tread a fine line between support for its values and long-term interests represented by political reform in the region-, and the protection of its core regional interests (Kitchen, 2012 57).If the U.S. is serious about turning off its Middle detour, then in the Middle East and North Africa the US needs to prioritize long-term trends over short-term concerns, which may not always mean pushing for revolutionary change in support of democratic values in the region (Kitchen, 2012 58).The recent revolutions pose an opportunity to establish a new status quo in the Middle East, free an oppressed and jobless youth, increase economic standing and trade, and give democracy a chance to flourish. While the U.S. remains limite d in the impact it can have in the aftermath of the Arab Spring, it has an opportunity to change its negative standing in the Middle East an opportunity to change a stoic, ineffective foreign policy (Shore, 2012).References Andrew Bennett, (2003) A Lakatosian Reading of Lakatos What Can We Salvage from the Hard Core?, inProgress in International Relations Theory Appraising the Field, ed. Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. Arieff, A., Danon, Z., Katzman, K., Sharp, J. M., & Zanotti, J. (2012) Change in the Middle East Implications for US Policy.Congressional Research Service. On-line, Available https//fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R42393.pdf 21 April 2014 Buzan B, Waever O, de Wilde J. (1998) Introduction, security analysis Conceptual apparatus, the military sector, the political sector. In Security A new framework for analysis. Colorado Lynne Reinner Publishers 1998. ISBN 1-55587-603-X Dalacoura, K. (2012) The 2011 uprisings in the Arab Middle East political c hange and geopolitical implications.International Affairs, 88(1), 63-79. On-line, Available http//www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/2012/88_1/88_1dalacoura.pdf 21 April 2014 Huntington, S. P. (1999). The Lonely Superpower. Foreign Affairs, 35-49. Kahl, C. H., & Lynch, M. (2013). US Strategy after the Arab Uprisings Toward Progressive Engagement.The Washington Quarterly, 36(2), 39-60. On-line, Available http//67.159.45.21/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/TWQ_13Spring_Kahl-Lynch.pdf 21 April 2014 Keiswetter, A. L. (2012) The Arab spring Implications for US policy and interests.Middle East Institute. On-line. Available http//www.mei.edu/content/arab-spring-implications-us-policy-and-interests 21 April 2014 Kitchen, N. (2012) After the Arab Spring power shift key in the Middle East? the contradictions of hegemony the US and the Arab Spring, On-line, Available http//www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR011/FINAL_LSE_IDEAS__UnitedStatesAndTheArab Spring_Kitchen.pdf 21 April 2014. Layman, C. K. (2012). Conflictual Foreign Policy of the United States Between Security and Human Rights. On-line, Available http//scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497&context=cmc_theses&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.es%2Fscholar%3Fq%3D%2522theory%2Bof%2Binternational%2Brelations%2522%2B%2522the%2BArab%2BSpring%2522%2B%2522US%2Binterests%2522%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Des%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5%26as_ylo%3D2010search=%22theory%20international%20relations%20Arab%20Spring%20US%20interests%22 23 April 2014 Oprisko, R. L. (2013). IR Theorys 21st Century Experiential Evolution.E-International Relations (2013).On-line, Available http//www.e-ir.info/2013/05/25/the-fall-of-the-state-and-the-rise-of-the-individuals-ir-theorys-21st-century-experiential-evolution/ 23 April 2014 Rose, G. (1998). Neoclassical realism and theories of foreign policy.World politics, 51, 144-172. Shore, S. M. (2012) Great Decisions 2012 Preview After The Arab Spring, On-line, Available http//www.fpa.org/features/index.cfm?act=feature&announcement_id=88 21 April 2014 Vale, K. R. (2012).US foreign policy in the post-Cold War era (Doctoral dissertation, Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston). On-line, Available http//crhsgg-studentresources.wikispaces.umb.edu/file/view/KVale_US_Foreign_Policy_PColdWar_2012.pdf 23 April 2014

Recomendations on mr burger marketing strategy Essay

It was found by our comprehensive market research that the 4 Ps of market ar the more or less vital elements for Mr Burger . The customers looks to select fast nutriment restaurant which gives the best value for money. The one that has the best quality of food, the close to well priced , the one that has excellent ambiance and surroundings, the one that is nearly convenient to go to and the one that is recognized as a strong brand that gives the maximum facilities to the customers. Product The first social occasion that is classic for Mr Burger is to provide the gather in up quality and type of food to the customers.It is vital that they enhance their fare add additions to the existing menu they crap , they bottom of the inning hire international experts to organise food items that gives the customer the taste they most desire . The menu end be gain ground elaborated by introducing non-burger fast food items hugely demanded by the local population . i. e pizzas sandw iches and broast . By introducing these items they will ensure that they are present in panoptic conformation of fast food categories and it will as well as give the customer a sense of satisfaction as they would stick a vast variety and option to choose from when they go to Mr Burger.The other thing that could be do is to make products that are supplementary to the main meals. Excellent variety of shakes , deserts , sidelines deal chips and some other ,different variety maybe some international item could be introduced like prawns or nuggets could go along very well. In our research we found that a strong competitor of Mr burger, MC Donalds is vastly liked by customers due to its supplementary items much(prenominal) as the its fries and the Arabian rice and excessively KFC has eminent demand for its nuggets as a side line item after broast and its burger.Mr Burger slew hire experts that develop the right mix of ingredients that suit the taste of local population. WE fou nd that the local population avoids very greasy, salty and oily fast food items speci totallyy burgers ,which are all the features present in Mr Burger items. The other most crucial cistron of fast food industry vital for the growth in Pakistan is the quality of food .This factor is specifically crucial to the population targeted by Mr Burger, mainly he middle income group , SEC A and B.to ensure the quality of food the primary thing required to do is get associate with globally recognized quality control and certification companies something like SGS Pakistan which in consumers mind is highly regarded as the most authentic authority in Pakistan.They can then market this affiliation by advertising it so that the consumers know that the food at Mr Burger is most sound and has the best quality. The brand could as well see to create standard in suppliers of ingredients. They can also see that the workers are thoroughly trained and observed that they watch high standards .To ensure higher reliability they can alos have the option of open window kitchen which means that the consumers are able to see how the meal is being cooked , the cleanliness in the kitchen and the cleanliness and hygiene of the their stock keeping place . The quality of food can also be improved by deploying quality control measures, it could be as propertyed to the manger to check the making process of its food on a step to step basis that sees that quality is being stay freshed . It could also be done that there are criterias of quality set for type of ingredients they use.Experts can suugest the best quality of chicken , bun , cheese etc needed to make the best thing. Mr buger could also introduce its spare sauces , one thing that would add variety to its product , highly demanded by its potential customers. Anoher meaning(a) factor for Mr burger is to maintain its unique selling point of its burgers and food items i. e its juicy and delicious taste as mentioned by the students we in terviewed. They could however further enhance it by making burgers that enthrall the juiciness of its meat.The last recommendation we have to improve the quality of the product , the P of marketing we mentioned earlier is the wellnessy factor in its food items . Some student girls we interviewed earlier that it was crucial for them to have healty food , one that gives the right mix of nutrition , has the the lowest fat and calories and one that would not plainly provide the protient of chicket and meat but also gives nutrition present in other items such as vegetables, so it could be done that Mr burger introduce meals and items that are special(a)ly made for health conscious people .This would not only give a preference to health conscious segment but develop skilful customer relationship. These special meals can also be marketed for the people suffering from fatal disease such as cholesterol and other cheek diseases , we observed that if a member of a family cant have a type o f food , say if the father can not have high cholesterol food it is unlikely for the family to go there and eat thus it is essential for Mr Burger to develop and market such special meals in its menu . enthrone In our research we discovered that Mr Burger was failing because of another crucial factor of the 4 Ps of marketing, this was the place . It was discovered that Mr Burger does not have abounding presence in terms of outlets throughout its market . Majority of the respondents told that the outlet was atleast 13 mins drive away from their houses or work places. This makes it unlikely that customers can remonstrate Mr Burget very conveniently. We suggest that Mr Burger should increase its number of outlets , establishing big outlets In heavy traffic areas such as the sea view or Hyderi or Sindhi Moslem areas in Karachi.However it can also establish small centers in high rent malls such as dolmen mall or areas such as zamzama , by doing so it will re establish its positions in peoples minds as a high quality fast food chain . Mr Burger can also affiliate with gas stations and educational institutions, they can share profit and investment with them , but more importantly by doing so it can gain a huge chunk of market share of students and passer by traffic.It was also found that a bringing service was crucial in food business and many people wanted Mr Burger to establish a good delivery system , thus we suggest to them that they partner with food delivery services and websites such as food panda and food delivery that would have a commission of their own but dekiver and market your products to the customers who want it delivered. It can make its own delivery system and hire specialists bikers to deliver it warm to the customer. Special delivery departments can be made in outlets that apply the call for deliveries process the order separately.It is also vital for the brand to make outlets that maximize customer satisfaction. Feel good factors are very im portant in the outlets of restuarnts . The outlets should be clean , they should always have good music and nice smell . It is also suggested that to create customer satisfaction and brand loyalty and equity, the outlets should have special designing that highlight comfort , happiness ,security and joy . The outlets should be colorfull and must be well lightened all the time , they should have a special place for relaxation which can be a USP of their outlets.They could get it designed by an interior designer , instaliing paintings and TV screens to have a feel good factor. It is also important that they have some entertainment place for the infants , it was also observed that such things can be of a major interest for mothers and families that allows the children to have fun while they relax. In todays world it is also important for place of sale to have the unique characteristics that would attract customers , Mr Burger could have a high layer wifi setup of which signals are avai lable to the customers 24 hours while present there .A good security system should also be in place at the outlets. Our research also allows us to suggest that that the outlets should have a drive thru system and/or a good parking or valet service available that plays a major role in customers coming to a fast food restaurant. Price We have deduced that Mr Burger should employ competive price , value based pricing and good value pricing . These strategies would ensure that all the major segments of the market are targeted. We suggest by our research that most of the items in the menu should lie on a competitive level i. e between Rs 250 Rs 500.The special meals , ones that are consciously targeting the health focusing segment can be assigned value based pricing . This will give them an impression of the effort , quality and value of the special diet meal created for them and that this meal will ensure good nutritional mix for them. The last is good value pricing in which very unde rlying burgers and meals that are very cost efficient can be made for the visit segment of the society i. e SEC C . The vast lower middle class population can hugely demand these meals and these may work during economically turbulent times.Our secondary research on Mc Donalds veg burger that was only for RS 25 , introduced in India showed huge success and it maybe relevant using it here. Promotion Our study has shown that promotion and advertising is one the most important consideration for Mr Burger if they want to succeed to re establish their growth, brand ,sales and profits. The best way of creating value for money , establishing a system that gives you personal preference and creates a sense of brand, is best implemented in promotion and advertising activities. Mr Burger wll need to inform its customers about its new products , outlets , its special pricing etc .It will have to also create a sense of persuasion to try its food and also create loyalty. The first thing they sho uld do is create a social media marketing team , by this they will be able to advertise their offerings on Facebook, YouTube , Twitter, etc. These are the most viewed and cost effective way of associating with their potential customers. They should also establish a time frame of marketing activities that would allow them to market on radio, billboards, and specially on magazines such as Home express. This could be done in a systematic and organized way that will start creating for them a word of mouth.They should employ aggressive marketing this would bring them in head competition with Subway KFC and Mc Donalds, its major competitors. They could conduct some major CSR activities like support a foundation or a cause . This fit in to our research has a very positive impact on the society and leaves a huge positive mark in the minds of the population specially in Pakistan. To highlight customer preference factor they could make special membership cards that gives daily updates, disc ounts, and fast track facility during rush hours to people who sign up as members.They could orgainse a big event such as a concert and hire some professional singer or a sportsman to endorse their brand. By doing so they will create buzz marketing. Packaging and other factors It was noted that 7 % of the people said that packaging was an important factor , so we suggest that Mr Burger designs new special packaging for its meals. They should be designed in a way that gives a quality look of the barnd on of colorful and happiness, it may mention their tag line or any motivational statement. It is also important that the service provided to customers is excellent.Special focus and training should be given to employees on how to talk to customer , give highest preference to their queries and suggestions . Special feedback forms should be given to them, which should be immediately looked upon and worked upon. The timing should also be very precise , stocks should be maintained during ru sh hours so that customer is entertained within 10 mins of order. Our study reveals that these rush ours will be during 2- 6pm and will further increase from 6pm 10 pm , so maintain stock during this time.