The Basic Principles of Reganomics

The election of the Regan-Bush Republican book of 1984 brought many unprecedented and controversial policies to the US preservation. Many of these policies,including Reganomics still carry on our economy as a whole and are still major(ip) points of debates today. Reganomics was not solely based on economics, tho rather the include a sense of having moral foundations. Government intervention and regulation of the economy were seen as economically harmful and furthermore morally wrong. It was believed that economic personal matters should be left to the wisdom of God and his guidance would produce a The moral obligation together with extreme Kenseyan theories were the guide to the basic principles of Reganomics.Their accusing was to follow a laissez faire attitude,or a hands off organisation insurance. They too wanted to rely on the wisdom of the of the commercialize, meaning that the market is sweet enough to take care of and troubleshoot itself,and they tried to use a poli cy of deregulation which would give companies to make their take in economic decisions with out the government limiting their choices. The political science was in like manner weary of anti-trust laws which did not allow for monopolies in The deregulation of businesses mentality was simple and encompassed two major points.The points were to turn away levyes and allow businesses to make their own decisions without fear of government intervention. Their report was that if you demeaned taxes in general, business would have more money to produce more, to more they would call for more workers, and consequently repayable to the surplus of money, their would be more slip bying, investing, and saving. This proves that individualists would turn a profit along with the business.Ronald Regan said, debase takes would spur business to invest, and send Americans rushing to stores to draw (Regan). In the short run deregulation produced greater competition and lower prices for consum ers. The long term effects were that the savings and loan industry collapsed due to fraud and mis-management. Regan knew that deregulation could possibly have adverse effects if there was no degree of regulation at all, so pr flattative measures were objurgate in place.One such preventative measure was the Office of training and Regulatory Affairs (O. I. R. A) which insured that deregulation dhered to cost benefit principles to the maximal extent possible. If government is the problem, not the solution, you do not solve problems by applying a bigger problem to them (Regan). Another notion behind Reganomics was the Laffer Curve, which conveyed the idea that tax cuts would increase tax revenue. The Laffer Curve is based on the political theory that government should provide a climate in which the incentives for individuals to pursue their own economic progress wouldnt be hindered by governmental taxing, expending, regulations, and/or monetary policies.It is also based on supply side economics. interpret side economics was an economic policy designed to stimulate proceeds and lower unemployment by increasing production in the economy. It allowed the free market to play a greater role in the economy go the government took on a lesser role. If government is the problem, not the solution, you do not solve problems by applying a bigger problem to them (Regan). The Regan administration believed tax and spend policies led to a weak economy.Accordingly, they passed the Tax unsnarl Act of 1986 (TRA86) which rationalised individual income tax liabilities and raised corporate income tax liabilities. They also passed ERTS. ERTA gave a 25% cut in individual marginal tax grade over a three year catamenia. It machinate an indexing of individual brackets, personal acquitions, and standard reductions it reduced all individual taxpayers taxes, and gave percentage reductions for lower and middle class incomes exceeding those given for the juicy. plug-in Clinton sai d, For 12 historic period the driving dea behind American economic policy has been cutting takes on the richest individuals and corporations . This is true, with the exception of ERTA, all the tax changes during the eight years of Reagans administration were unmistakably pro-business and When Reagan cut the taxes for wealthy individuals and business he believed that it would contribute to a unshakableer base economy, in turn the benefits of a strong base economy would trickle dismantle to reach everyone, even the poorest Americans. Ronald Reagan said, Lower taxes would spur business to invest, and send Americans rushing to stores to spend (Regan).The Reagan Administration believed lower taxes were beneficiary in this manor and high tax rates moreover further darkened the lines on how our society was typecast, rather than break drink those barriers. Furthermore high tax rates inhibited favorable mobility into the swiftness class. The real losers from soak the rich tax are not the rich, but the would be rich. This is true be bm there would be no trickle down Major elements in the initial Regan policies were pass slow downs aimed at eliminating compute famines in 1984 and producing budget surpluses thereafter.As well it was aimed to slow down the crop of federal outlays and change their composition. all the same the initial policies of the Reagan administration coupled with gunstock market changes were so bold and dramatic that it caused the 1981 1982 recession. After be in a state of recession, things did get better. Within 18 months of Reagans term, poverty began to decrease. The U. S also experienced an unprecedented export boom in the 1980s which turned out to be the longest economic boom in U. S history.Along with this came 20 cardinal new jobs and it was the first epoch the electorate ad an intensely satisfied voting majority. Reagan was the only U. S. president since WWII to reduce both inflation and unemployment while expanding the total number of jobs for all Americans (Dunn) However when this great prosperity was acquired in such a short period of time, people got nervous and began to make false accusations against the Reagan administration which were called myths. Myths were created by economists that either did not look at all the statistics or made assumptions forwards they had all of the statistics.Some of the myths that came from these economists were that Reaganomics caused Americans to divest and de-industrialize. There were also presumptions that every vaulting horse of taxes that were cut would lose a dollar of revenue. They also offered that record deficits were caused by the reduction in marginal tax rates. There is no stand for insisting that tax policy developments were responsible for the budget deficits of the Reagan years. (Ture 35) Some myths created even went so far as to say that the deficits were deliberate in stray to reduce social spending while increasing defense spending.In fact the c ontrary is true. Transfer payment spending for social function rose 19. 7%, from $344. 3 billion to $412 billion, on programs that provided income, food, healthcare, housing, education and training, and social services to poor families. (Ture 39) This is proving that social programs were not hurt under Reagan. Economists also gave the impression that Reagan policies favored the rich at the expense of the poor and that the rich only paid a bigger shave of taxes because they had a larger share of income. This is not entirely true.Even though the rich whitethorn not have seemed to have paid more taxes they actually did bargain for investing in more taxable securities and fewer tax exempt securities. This produced more tax revenue. Rather than being a tax and spend economy, the Reagan administration lended itself to a borrow and spend economy that produced many deficits. What was the cause of these enormous debts? Many factors added to the accumulation of the debts. Buying and thus bu ilding up the U. S. dollar to an artificiallyhigh level made U. S exports more expensive, U. S imports cheaper and it added to the rade deficit and the foreign debt.This was also known as Mexicanization of the economy. (Galbraith 3) Large budget deficits from the damage of tax revenue, was brought about by the loss of real output during the 1981 1982 recession, and unforeseen disinflation. That fiscal year (after adjusting for inflation, tax collections did not increase) brought high interest rates which attracted foreign money. This pushed up the dollar and caused the trade deficit. The deficit was also caused by large defense and The Reagan administration had little responsibility for the budget deficits.The bills for spending that the Reagan administration originally proposed were altered by congress. The deficit was therefore caused by congress permitted spending excess and not excess tax cuts. It seems that by means of supply-side economics savings didnt increase but allowe d for a ample growing debt that nearly tripled during Reagans administration. On the good side of things, deficit spending helped to stimulate demand and trigger economic recovery. It also stimulated a growth of employment in non-investment grade firms by 17. 3 million which was due to junk bonds. (Zycher,43)On the down side, the U. S is presently the worlds largest debtor. ordinary and Private debts carrying over from the past decade weigh heavily on the government,business, households and financial institutions well being. Reganomics could have been greatly lucky if government spending would have been checked. If government had borrowed in order to fund public capital, rather than military spending and tax breaks for the wealthy, the debt burden would be greatly reduced (Sawicki). Looking back now we can genuinely understanding the full effects of Reganomics on our economy.

The Death and Life of Charlie St. Cloud

Deanna Todd The Death and Life of Charlie St. foul I depict The Death and Life of Charlie St. spoil, by Ben Sherwood. This book is ab fall break Charlie St. streak, a standard high school junior whose carriage completely changes one wickedness, and consequently takes you on the journey through the events that take place after that horrid wickedness. This was a really good book that has been turned into a movie, and I would highly recommend reading the book. This paper is going to tell you in depth ab bulge out the book and why I enjoyed it so much. Charlie St. Cloud is a high school junior who along with his unripeer blood brother whop the game of baseball.Living in the small harbor village of Marblehead, Massachusetts, glide and the water were an eeryday part of life, however baseball was the joy of the St Cloud boys lives. Charlies younger brother surface-to-air missile looked up to his older brother, and the two, sons of a single mother, had a very close social bond . unity evening while Charlie and Sams mother was at work, Charlie decided to borrow the neighbors political machine to drive to capital of Massachusetts to watch a baseball game. On the way back their car was struck by a drunk driver and both boys were sound out dead.However, in the ambulance, firefighter Florio Ferrente shocked Charlie back to life. As Charlie promised not to ever leave his brothers side, he was pulled back into consciousness. It was those few moments of macrocosm in amid that would forever change Charlies life. After a decade of feeling responsible for his brothers death, Charlie forgets about his dreams and aspirations in life. Instead he decides to become the local cemetery caretaker, and every night as the cannons signal sunset, Charlie ranges into the woods to meet his little brother for a game of catch.Because of being in amid life and death for that terse moment, Charlie can now turn over spirits and guide them into the next realm. Sam necessitate s to stay behind to be with Charlie and every night no theme what Charlie is doing or where he is, when the cannons sound he is in the woods with his brother. One day as Charlie is cleaning up the cemetery, he meets a young sailor named Tess Carroll. Tess is getting prepared to leave on a race to sail around the world. After meeting her Charlie finds himself trying to choose between the past and Sam, and his possible future with Tess.Tess and Charlie spend a wonderful night together and the next morning, Charlie, like always has his morning coffee at a little shop on the harbor. This is where he finds out that Tess went out on a test sail and is now missing. Hearing this shocks Charlie from his youthful love state into a realization that Tess is dead. After Charlie finding out about Tess, he becomes very angry and then realizes his point in being saved that faithful night. He realizes that Tess came to him, and that she isnt dead yet, that she is infract and fighting to stay aliv e and Charlie needs to find her.He now has to choose between his promise to Sam, and his new love for Tess and their possible future in building a life together. Charlie rushes into town to find Tink, Tess right authorise man, and explains to him that Tess is in fact alive and he intends to find her. Needless to study Tink thinks he is crazy but embarks on the search anyways because he wants to find her just as much. As they are sailing out to ocean, the sun fighterts to fall and Charlie hears the cannons, he knows that he has broken the bond between him and Sam and he will neer see Sam again.With disunite in his eyes, he says goodbye to Sam and apologizes for breaking the promise he make to his little brother. Just then Charlie sees a shooting star in the night sky and it is as if the star is pointing him in the educational activity of an island. Its Sam leading Charlie to Tess, Charlie jumps up, thanks Sam and steers the boat toward the island. erst they get close enough th ey spot Querencia, Tess boat. Once they rescued Tess and got her to the hospital, Charlie never leaves her side. However at first Tess doesnt recognize Charlie and it really upsets him.He gave up his brother for her and now she doesnt remember the night they had together. Charlie still never left the hospital, and then Tess finally asked fro him, she wanted to know how they met, so Charlie told her the immaculate story. Charlie had finally let go of the past, and forgave himself for that night that changed his life. Now he was first over with a brand new outlook on life and he and Tess were going to start over together. This book was very moving and heartwarming. It also reminded me a lot of Mitch Alboms books, especially One More Day. They made a movie about this book simply titled Charlie St. Cloud even though the movie was pretty good, it doesnt compare to the book.I love to read books and watch the movies however I am usually frustrated in the movies. I dont like how they ta ke so much out of the movies to fit it in a certain time frame and this movie was no different. However it is still interesting to see the characters coming to life outside of your mind. I would recommend this book and the movie, although I would suggest to watch the movie then read the book, then you wont become upset like I did.

Asean Solution for Rohingya Plight Essay

WHY is Asean silent on the issue of Rohingya Muslims, who cede been suffering for centuries under the Myanmar army junta? Recently, they were told to leave the country to a third world nation willing to receive them. This is cruelty towards their receive people and it seems that the world is just watching the injustice done to them, without any assistance, support or solution. In June 2012, over 2000 people were displaced in sectary violence in Myanmar, in which most victims were Muslims. The government promised a copious investigation.Representatives from different religions and minorities condemned the atrocities inflicted on the Rohingya Muslims which is a serious human rights violation that the united Nations should stop immediately. In June 2012, 11 innocent Muslims were killed by the Burmese legions and the Buddhist mobs after bringing them down from a bus. A vehement protest was carried out in the Muslim majority province of Arakan, b arely the protesters fell victims to the tyranny of the mob and the army. People were reported killed and millions of homes destroyed in fires as Rohingyas and Buddhist-ethnic Arakanese clashed in western Myanmar.Myanmar has a Buddhist majority. The Muslim minority in Myanmar are mostly the Rohingyas and the descendants of Muslim immigrants from India (including what is now Bangladesh) and China, as well as descendants of earlier Arab and Persian settlers. Indian Muslim were brought to Burma by the British to aid them in clerical work and business. afterward independence, many Muslims remained in the country. Over the years, thousands of Rohingyas have fled to Thailand. According to reports, there are roughly 111,000 refugees housed in 9 camps along the Thai-Myanmar border.In February 2009, there was essay of refugees being towed to sea and abandoned and other reports of brutality by the Thai military in which Thailands therefore prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva state that there were some instances in which Ro hingyas were pushed out to sea. Will the present times see the light of day? They are part of mankind, why then are we responding apathetically towards them? Asean must respond immediately to solve their issues. transport be sympathetic and empathetic towards the Rohingyas.

Energy Conservation in Transport

1.3 Transportation outlineTransportation is an some separate atomic number 18na that has increase its relative portion of primary muscle. This sector hasserious concerns as it is a important descent of carbon dioxide emanations and other airborne pollutants, and it is astir(predicate) wholly radicald on crude as its power beginning ( Figure 1.5 Kreith, atomic number 74, and Isler 2002 ) . In 2002, the skip sector accounted for 21 % of all CO2 emanations worldwide. An of import facet of futurealterations in skip over depends on what happens to the acquirable cover resources, production and monetary values.At empower, 95 % of all efficacy for track comes from anele.As explained subsequently in this chapter, irrespective of the hold outent quantity of oil staying in the territory,oil production will top stunned shortly. Therefore, the have for careful planning for an orderly passage offfrom oil as the primary transit fuel is pres chant. An obvious replacing for oil would be biofuels much(prenominal) as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, biodiesel, and biogases. Some bank that H is another option,because if it could be produced economically from RE beginnings or atomic energy, it could supply aclean transit option for the hereafter. Some incur claimed H to be a wonder fuel andhold proposed a hydrogen-based economy to replace the present carbon-based economic carcass ( Vezirogluand Barbir 1992 ) . However, others ( Shinnar 2003 Kreith and West 2004 Mazza and Hammerschlag2005 ) difference this claim based on the deficiency of substructure, jobs with storage and safety, and thelower faculty of H vehicles as compared to plug-in intercrossed or to the full electric vehicles ( Westand Kreith 2006 ) . Already hybrid-electric cars are going popular around the universe ascrude oil captures much expensive.The environmental benefits of renewable biofuels could be increased by utilizing plug-in intercrossed electricvehicles ( PHEVs ) . These au tos and trucks combine internal burning engines with electric motors to0204060801001971 1980 1990 2002 piecefortune of conveyance in planetary oil demand per centum of oil in conveyance energy demandFIGURE 1.5 Share of conveyance in planetary oil demand and portion of oil in conveyance energy demand. ( Data andprognosis from IEA, World naught Outlook, IEA, Paris, 2004. With permission. )Global Energy System 1-5maximise fuel efficiency. PHEVs have more battery capacity that sight be re landd by stop uping it into aregular electric mercantile establishment. Then these vehicles can pull on electricity tout ensemble for comparatively short set forths. Theelectric-only trip length is denoted by a figure, for example, PHEV 20 can run on battery charge for 20 stat mis.When the battery charge is apply up, the engine begins to power the vehicle. The intercrossed combinationreduces gasolene ingestion appreciably. Whereas the conventional vehicle fleet has a fuel economic system ofabout 22 mpg, loanblends such as the Toyota Prius can achieve about 50 mpg. PHEV 20s have been shown toattain every(prenominal) bit much as 100 mpg. Gasoline engagement can be decreased even further if the burning engine runs onbiofuel blends, such as E85, a mixture of 15 % gasolene and 85 % ethyl alcohol ( Kreith 2006 West and Kreith2006 ) .Plug-in intercrossed electric engineering is already available and could be realized instantly withoutfarther R & A D. Furthermore, a big part of the electric coevals substructure, peculiarly indeveloped states, is needed merely at the habilitate of peak demand ( 60 % in the United States ) , and the re master(prenominal)der isavailable at other times. Hence, if batteries of PHEVs were charged during off-peak hours, no newcoevals capacity would be required. Furthermore, this assault would levelize the electric burden and tell apart down the mean cost of electricity, harmonizing to a survey by the Electric Power Research Institute ( EPRI )( Sanna 2005 ) . given up the potency of PHEVs, EPRI ( EPRI 2004 ) conducted a large-scale analysis of the cost, batterydemands, economic charge up of plug-in vehicles today and in the hereafter. As shown by Westand Kreith, the net present value of lifecycle costs over 10 old ages for PHEVs with a 20-mile electric-only cathode-ray oscilloscope ( PHEV20 ) is less than that of a similar conventional vehicle ( West and Kreith 2006 ) . Furthermore, in brief available Ni metal hydride ( NiMH ) batteries are already able to run into needed cost andpublic presentation specifications. More advanced batteries, such as lithium-ion ( Li-ion ) batteries, maybetter the economic sciences of PHEVs even further in the hereafter.7.5.4 Transportation Energy ConsumptionEnergy ingestion in the transit sector is projected to turn at an mean one-year station of1.7 % betwixt 2003 and 2025 in the projection, making 39.4 quadrillion Btu in 2025. The growing intransit energy demand is mostly driven by the increa sing individualized disposable income,projected to turn yearly at approximately 3 % , consumer penchants for driving larger autos with moreHP, and an addition in the portion of conspicuous radiation trucks and athleticss public- military service corporation vehicles that make up hangdutyvehicles. Entire vehicle stat mis kick the bucketled by alight-duty vehicles is projected to increase at an one-year stray of 2 % in the midst of 2003 and 2025 because of the addition in personal disposable income and otherdemographic factors.8.1 IntroductionThis chapter presents tendencies in land exercise, cargo, ground-transportation politeness for mess and cargo,transit fuel supply, and the chances for preservation that exist within each country. Thechapter starts with a handling of the transportationland practice relationship for a better grab ofthe model within which the transit system maps and the design theories that purpose to tempt expression pick and trip coevals. Next is a des cription of bundle transit, with peculiar accenton how its energy usage compares to the energy usage of the car. The motion of cargo, its manners,and energy ingestion relation to the remainder of the transit system follows. Then, emerging hereafterengineerings are described the focal point of this outgrowth is on vehicle efficiencies to conserve energy resources.Finally, the well-to-wheel energy analysis uniting fuel production and vehicle public presentation ispresented, concentrating on what feedstocks are available and how they can be refined expeditiously into a fuel.8.2 add Use8.2.1 Land Use and Its Relationship to TransportationThere is a cardinal relationship amidst transit and land usage, because the distance betweenones beginning and finish will find the feasibleness, path, manner, cost, and clip necessary to gofrom one topographic point to another. Likewise, transit influences land usage as it impacts peoples determinationsapproximately where to populate and work, si ng factors such as veer clip and cost, the distance to a property school for a familys kids, the safety and convenience of the paths to school, work, activities,and entree to goods and services.The trounce chance for preservation in transit Begins with the transportationland usagerelationship. An energy-efficient transit system feats and integrates all manners instead than merelythe main road. However, current land usage ordinances, codifications, and development tendencies are designedentirely for the single-occupant vehicle ( SOV ) and do non expeditiously back up other prompt options. Amore balanced system that incorporates mass theodolite, walking, bicycling, and other options would bemore energy-efficient. These manners are less energy intensive and would cut down art congestion, vehicleidleness, and inefficient stop-and-go traffic. However, land usage essential be designed for multimodalmotion for such a balanced system to be realized.Land usage and the population in th e U.S. have become more decentralised over clip ( see Figure 8.1 ) .The scattering of land utilizations into residential, commercial, and concern countries increases the distancesbetween the many day-to-day necessities of life so that walking and bicycling are either impracticable or dangerous itbesides makes mass theodolite inefficient because Michigans would be required to perish each individuals needs.Therefore, personal vehicles are the most commodious and most widely chosen manner of transit forday-to-day operate demands given the type of development most normally used in the U.S. A more systemsorientedattack, incorporating prosaic, bike, car, and mass-transit webs within ahigher-density developmental construction would be more energy-efficient, but this state of affairs is non thenorm in the U.S. today.8.3 tack Transportation system Mass TransitThe efficiency of mass-transit service typically decreases with the denseness of land utilizations. However, denseness isnon the individual factor finding the victory or failure of a theodolite system. Vuchic ( 1999 ) notes the successof the theodolite webs in fanned countries of San Francisco, Washington, Montreal, Calgary, andpeculiarly the suburbs of Philadelphia ( with a lower population denseness than that of Los Angeles 3500people per square stat mi ) . Many contrivers and designers suggest a hierarchy of manners instead than theindividual manner system that dominates most countries at the base is a web of bicycle- and pedestrianfriendlystreets that support the local coach system, which in ferment feeds a regional theodolite web. As eachconstituent relies on the others, their integrating is indispensable for transits success ( Calthorpe and Fulton2001 ) . Furthermore, the balance between auto and theodolite usage in cardinal metropoliss is strongly influenced by thecharacter of the country ( its physical design, organisation of infinite, and types of development ) and by thecomparative convenience an d attraction of the two systems ( Vuchic 1999 ) .10. Narrow streets9. Traffic volumes8. Sidewalks7. Street trees6. merged streets5. On-street parking4. Lower traffic velocities3. Mixed land usage2. Buildings looking the street1. Small block sizeFIGURE 8.3 authorise 10 walkability factors. ( From Hall, R. , Walkable thoroughfares through balanced design.Presentation at The Nuts & A Bolts of Traditional Neighborhood Development Conference, Richmond, VA, 2005. )Several different types of theodolite exist to function the demands of the populace. Demand response describes theparatransit manner, by which a rider calls a starter who sends the theodolite vehicle ( a bird coachor cab ) to the passengers door and delivers her to her finish. Commuter rail denotes regional railoperating between a metropolis and its suburban countries light rail implies one or two autos utilizing overheadelectricity as a power beginning and operating within a metropolis, oft sharing the streets with cars heavyrail operates at high velocities within a separate right-of-way. Bus rapid theodolite ( BRT ) is deriving popularityas a system that grants buses their ain right-of-way so that they do non acquire caught in traffic congestion.BRT operates parallel to the street, such as in the median between travel lanes or in an sole bus-onlylane ( see Figure 8.4 ) , and depending on the system, may besides acquire prioritization at traffic signals so thatupon attack, the light bends green and the coach will non hold to wait at a ruddy visible radiation. Table 8.3 summarizesthe features of each manner. Table 8.4 illustrates what percentages of the theodolite fleets use alternatefuels ( i.e. , fuels other than the conventionally used gasolene ) .The factors that steady down what manner and what engineering are best for a given theodolite system include The handiness of a separate right-of-way The distance between/frequency of Michigans ( i.e. , will it be regional, express or local service? ) The denseness of the environing country ( to find at what speeds the vehicle can safely go ) Expected rider volumes Size of the metropolis being servedA separate right-of-way is non dependent on the bing conditions of the street web and providesgreat reliableness ( since there are no traffice congestion holds ) , high velocity, short trip times, and overallconvenience for riders.The potency of mass theodolite to conserve energy is a big, untapped resource. Table 8.5 illustrates howmuch fuel could be rescue by one individual exchanging to mass theodolite for their day-to-day commute to work.The ground for mass transits high efficiency is its energy strength, which is a consequence of the burden factor ofeach vehicle. Table 8.6 provides passenger travel and energy usage informations for 2002, while Figure 8.5 providesthe theodolite manner split on a passenger-mile footing ( i.e. , the distribution of travel on each manner perrider per stat mi ) . Mass transits efficiency could surely be much higher compared to cars ifmore riders used it and increased its burden factor ( Greene and Schafer 2003 ) .FIGURE 8.4 BRT exposure. ( From U.S. General Accounting post ( GAO ) , Mass Transit Bus Rapid Transit ShowsPromise, GAO-01-984, Washington, DC, 2001. )

Turtle Creek Casino

Dry. browned turn over Creek gambling cassino and Hotel Background Turtle Creek gambling casino and Hotel is a nonprofit organization that has owned and ope assessd by the Grand scotch Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Turtle Creek casino is located 4 miles east of Traverse City on M-72 in Williamsburg, Michigan and Is surface 7 day a week, 24 hours a day. The casino has tie with the Grand Traverse Resort and the Leland Sand Casino. The casino provides cordial reception and amusement to its patrons though the gambling establishment.This casino was one of the first casinos owned by a tribe of Indians In the United States. In 2008, the casino build an echo-friendly building that Is 74,000 squ atomic number 18 feet, which houses 54,000 squargon foot maneuver floor including 1,300 slots, 40 table games, poker room, two gift shops, fitness center, three restaurants, six bars, 137 guest rooms Including 10 suites + 2 hospitality parlors (Designation, 2009). The Human resour ce De deductment consist of the soulnel director, compensation and benefits manager, benefits clerk, employee relations manager, records coordinator, culture specialist, and Interviewer.The casino employs over 3000 personnel to run effective and efficiently. Employee Selection Descriptors Equal opportunity employers do non discriminate against individuals because of race jobs to potential employees base on qualifications and character. OWE Statement The casino is an equal opportunity employer which applies through incessantlyy(prenominal) aspect of the recitation relationship, including, but not limited to, recruitment, selection, placement, instruction, compensation, promotion, transfer, termination, and each(a) opposite matters of business with the exception of tribal preference. Traverse Band ofOttawa and Chippewa Indians, is committed to achieving profuse and equal opportunity without discrimination because of race, religion, color, gender, national origin, age, ph ysical or psychological ability, or sexual orientation. Qualified American Indians atomic number 18 encouraged to apply. approving Action Affirmative Action Policy Turtle Creek Casino will take affirmative mea veritables to ensure that persons with disabilities be recruited and employed at all levels of its run short force and treated during occupation without regard to their deterioration but, Indian persons ar to be condition preference in employment.In achieving the particular goals set forth in this plan, Tribal members atomic number 18 given primary election preference, and various(a) Indians are given preference over non-landing. Such affirmative efforts shall, without limitation, address all employment practices including employment, promotion, demotion or transfer recruitment, recruitment advertize or posting layoff or termination runs of return or other forms of compensation or benefits and selection for educational activity programs.Shall launch notices of employment founderings and solicit the referral of qualified candidates for employment from organizations which serve the interest of promoting equal employment opportunity for persons with disabilities and regional muse banks or chore fairs that are well-kept or conducted in order to promote qualified persons with disabilities in obtaining employment.Shall send to each diligence union or representative of cash in ones chipsers with which it has a incorporated bargaining agreement a notice of the obligations of the applicant or licensee downstairs the Act and rules of the way and a request for referral of qualified candidates for employment who are voluntarily self-identified persons with disabilities an disabilities. Recruiting Methodology The employee selection process starts with posting all open postal divine service in the time card and break room line of businesss for versed employees to view and apply.In addition, tribal members and Indian if experience and tr ain are given the first pick at of all timey open position. If no informal interest is shown then the position is posted on career Job boards and the casinos website. Open Positions They initially post all employment openings for response by qualified in-house employees or, when appropriate, advertise much(prenominal) openings in new- dospapers of general circulation and other media which put on across-section of the population in the area room which the work force will be drawn.Step one-Each position posted is accompanied Job description, list of qualifications, and an passing play date to apply tribal date is usually two age prior to all other applicants. Step Two-elf there are no applications. Step Three-After that date, the position is posted on their web site, and remote applicants for that circumstantial Job are taken and evaluated. Phone interview are conducted with all external applicant and are per-qualified. Recruiting Process Process for indispensable recruitmen t LEVEL ONE Managers, executive programs, or other key employees.People who halt empowerment to develop or administer policy, long-range plans, or to make discretionary decisions regulating looseness operations people responsible for major sections deep down the casino or its property, even if no gaming is conducted in the area ( such as a hotel or restaurant). In addition, some employees of Suppliers will be inevitable to be pass. LEVEL TWO Employees who operate or suffer casino games, or who come in contact with gaming money, chips, tokens, deferred payment slips, etc. But who are not supervisors. LEVEL THREE Employees who work in an area where gaming is inducted, or in areas that directly modify gaming, but do not conduct the games or come in contact with gaming money, chips, tokens, credit slips, etc. (Casino Employees/Occupational Licenses, 2011). Process for external recruitment A person seeking a Tribal gaming employee license shall submit an application to the Tribal Commission on such form and in such manner as the Tribal Commission may require.Such application shall take on the following education (1) The applicants name, including all other name used current home and work addresses and telephone numbers, hearty security number, place of birth, date of earth, citizenship, and drivers license number, as well as the address of his or her personal residences over the quondam(prenominal) five (5) days. If the applicant has resided at his or her current address for less than two (2) years, his or her previous address. 2) The name, address and telephone number of the gaming facility and of the gaming operator for whom the applicant intends to work and the specific location in which the applicant will be employed. (3) The name and Job description of the applicants position. (4) The names and addresses of the applicants upkeep parents, grandparents, spouse, children, brothers, and sisters. 5) A debate as to whether or not the applicant has ever been charged with a crime, and if so, the charge, the name and address of the greet involved, the applicants explanation of the issue of the case, including the date of final disposition. 6) The names, current addresses and telephone numbers of three references who are not related to the applicant and who were acquainted with the applicant when the applicant was residing at each of the addresses listed in (7) A list of the applicants previous Jobs over the antecede five years, including the name, address and telephone number of his or her employer, and the position held. 8) The names and addresses and a brief description of all businesses in which the applicant before long holds, or has deep down the last five years held, an ownership interest. 9) A description of whatsoever previous employment relationship with an Indian federation of tribes, including the employee position held, name of the Tribe involved and name and address of a person who can evidence to the ac curacy of the information provided. (10) A description of any current or past non- employee business arrangement which the applicant has had with an Indian Tribe, including the name of the Tribe involved and the name and address of a person who an attest to the accuracy of the information provided. (11) A statement as to any gaming business.If so, the applicant shall provide a written statement describing his or her position, the dates during which that position was held, a description of the applicants ownership interest or Job responsibilities and the name, address and phone number of the business, and a person who can attest to the accuracy of the information provided. (12) A list of all gaming-related licenses the individual has ever applied for, whether or not those licenses were granted and the name and address ND phone number of the regulatory agency involved. 13) A list of all professional or business licenses the applicant has applied for, whether or not those licenses were granted and the name, address and phone number of the regulatory agency involved. (14) A statement of all languages written or spoken. (15) A sworn statement that neither the applicant nor any member of his immediate family has a past or current financial interest, other than a salary interest, in any gaming-related enterprise anywhere. If the applicant has any immediate family member who has such an interest, that applicant shall full(a)y disclose that family embers name and the nature of the interest.For the purposes of this subsection, family member shall include a mother, father, husband, wife, sister, brother natural or adopted, son or daughter natural or adopted. (16) Written permission giving the Tribal Commission or its knowing the right to investigate the applicants background, including his barbarous record, elegant and criminal Judgments and credit history. (17) A complete disclosure of any pending or anticipated civil or criminal action against the applicant, includ ing the name and address of the police part and court involved. 8) A disclosure of any civil or criminal Judgments rendered against the applicant, including the case number, a description of the judgment and the name and address of the court involved. (19) The applicants reproduces will be taken by GET Tribal Police, who are responsible for conducting this portion of the applicants criminal history tink and forwarding the fingerprint cards to the NIGH for processing through the FBI. (20) Any other information which might bring into question his fitness to serve as a primary wariness official or key employee off licensed gaming operation. C) Each application shall be accompanied y a sworn statement that the applicant will submit to the Jurisdiction of the Tribe and the Tribal court of law. Employment Status Independent Contractors Turtle Creek Casino uses many various forms of subcontract crusade, these are laborer that are not actually employees, but supply the casino with pro duct or service to the casino. All landscaping, new construction, and many vendors that are not employees of the casino, but they assist in the operations of the casino.Countryside Construction Company Just completed builds the new casino. ripe-time Employee Full-time Employee term at the casino is reserved for executives, management and rear supervisors, and are required to work 40 plus hours.. A work week consists of seven (7) uncoiled twenty-four (24)-hour hitchs, I. E. , one carbon and sixty-eight (168) consecutive hours, designated by the business needs of the respective divisions of the casino. Full time employees are salaried at the casino. A) All executive, administrative, and professional employees of the casino gaming operations are primary management duty and regularly direct the work of two or more employees or corroborate the authority to hire, fire, or promote employees. (c) Administrative employees o office work or non-manual work directly related to management operations. (d) Professional employees do work that requires advanced training. Part time and Seasonal Employee All other employees are consider part time for the first two years of employment, this means that they can work 32 or less hours on a regular bases but not for more than 5 consecutive weeks.Seasonal or temporary employees are used for special events or out-of-door concert. training and Development Training Strategy All employees have periodic online training for current and advancing positions. once training for advancing positions are completed internal employees can be insider candidate for advance position. Once the two year part time status has been complete internal employees can apply for full time positions. Full time employees are considered to be new employee trainer. Once a new employee is trained the trainer sits down with the area supervisor and discusses the new employees strength and weaknesses.New Employee Schedule and Training process includes First w eek- Report to plane section complete all required online training to include safety and customer relation training. Second week-Report to department complete specialized training for your position. Third and fourth- Report to department omelette shadow training with co-worker employee. Fifth week- Report to department and probation period is over. Development Strategy employees strength and weaknesses. The advancing employee then assumes their new training for the advance position.The development of employees ensures employee satisfaction and progression of employee in the casino. Compensation and Benefits intention Turtle Creek Casino compensation program requires input from the employees they fellow employee on a by annually. This audit is taken is to consideration and dictate the employer what may be lacking or is not need in their compensation packages. Alignment Competitiveness Key position and executive pay is at the higher level, includes yearly increase, health insuranc e and bonus packages found on alliance sale in the form of profit sharing.All full time and part time employees are set at the strong suit rate of pay, health insurance, and also received bonus pay for training new employees. When the full time employees are not training they are paid at a reduced rate because of receiving tips. The lower rate of pay is for seasonal or temporary employees with no benefits, but tips . To inhabit competitive the casino does abide by the minimum wage rate even Hough they do not have to abide by labor laws. Tips are dividing up according to groups. Each group has its own sight area the hotel, hospitality, gaming and bar make up these groups.Tips are transgress according to how much was made in each area. Once a month the tips are distributed to the employees. This ensures the customers of the casino receive great service. Appraisal Purposes Turtle Creek requires performance review to get feedback on how the employee feels about the company as well and how the company views the employee future with the company. If its done right, performance appraisals specialise us whos a good candidate for rumination and whos properly lay in their current Job (and whos in over his head ) (Grove, 2011). Feedback from all parties is required to be successful.Process Turtle Creek Casino require managers and supervisor to due appraisal for their employees on a semi- annual bases, this is for all part time and full time employees. As part of the ongoing online training all manger must complete a section on appraisal analysis. The casino finds it important because employee satisfaction reflects highly on the hospitality that they give their customers. They survey the employees at that time and address complaints. If the employee is not cheerful then they will cross train or relocate the employees to different position at that time.Full time employee that are train new employees are receiving appraisal training after training new employees when reporting status to the supervisors and managers. This keep record and employees updated of the status of the employee. Laws Turtle Creek Casino does not have to abide by federal or state labor laws, because they are covered under the Indian Reorganization Act, 1934. This act made is so the Indian race a sovereignty nation within self and its own government. Tribal law does retentions of their race. Congress has specifically exempted tribes from some(prenominal) familiar employment laws.A tribal law has adopted similar laws against discrimination, harassment and violence to provide a safe work place for their employees. thus far though tribal law does not require them to abide by these this act they enforce, VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 affirmative action was intentional to counteract the lingering effects of generations of past discrimination. The main criteria for inclusion in affirmative action programs are race, sex, ethnic origin, religion, disability, and age (Webs ter, 2013). Supreme Court has determined that states have no authority to regulate conduct by the tribes unless specifically authorized by Congress.Congress has specifically exempted tribes from several familiar employment laws. Ordinarily, tribal court has primary Jurisdiction over claims arising from commercial proceeding with the tribe, including employment. Employees are required to re-sign authorization form to do background check on appraisal dates (Beet, 2004). Even though it is not necessary to have background check completed yearly the casino requires them to make sure that are employees maintain their gambling license and that there are no legal issue, preventive measure. Reference Beet, 2004.

Men are from Mars, Women Are from Venus Essay

This is the title of the 1990s Best Selling appropriate which tells that Men and Wo workforce ar different in their own natural ways. scarcely nowadays, close of the people think that sometimes this is not applicable to two genders. Dual Personality is very common and frequently seen in these days. In fact, mannish va mintcy is widely experience by most of the men. They argon typically described as profitless in the way they gather up excessive measures in making sure they eer look beautiful in social situations, quietly suffer from stress levels that be to a greater extent taxing than what women experience for the same thing, fit to researchers. A lot of women esteem how do men became meticulous and how to identify if a man is already becoming vain. So heres some of my observations regarding with the reasons why a lot of men are experiencing male vanity and the signs of being vain. Women are known for being sweetie conscious. We really manage to hit sportsmanlike a nd white skin, looking sexy and gorgeous all the time and to be beautiful inside and out. And to achieve these things, we sometimes depend on beauty products, herbal medicines and Derma Clinics.But nowadays, the rise of male grooming has conduct to men taking almost twice as many electric items with them as women, based on new researches. Beauty Products for men are frequently seen on TV ads. They are answering the demand with products silky for the male consumer. Clinique has developed an entire line of skin care products only when for men. Their All About Eyes cream diminishes the appearance of eye puffs, sinfulness and fine lines. They point out that the cream-gel actually helps hold eye opus in place. Yes. Were still talking nigh the mens line. Generally, looking clean and pressed is a good idea. But applying costly moisturizers, powders and creams before and after bedtime is another thing. Should we call it Vanity? I pass judgment so. Most of the propagandas that women usually read has reached men. Especially in terms of nutriment and Health. We can say that a man that is considered vain is also a diet-crazed.A basic guys activities to maintain his good health like sports, balance diet and manual labor are affluent to offset a normal diet. But if a man knows about yoga, ab cruncher, pilates or a guy who works for better biceps have no purpose for bigger biceps other than self-admiration is not normal anymore. In terms of their outer looks, Fashion and pop culture have a lot to do with the permute. The ultra-slim silhouette and skinny jeans that hit the high-fashion world some(prenominal) years ago have infiltrated mens departments in mainstream stores like Banana Republic and Old Navy. And beca drill of social media websites like Facebook and Twitter, men forever and a day are confronted with photos of fit male celebs. Men like to live up to a certain standard, a certain level of providing income. The image of a career, however, has become m ore important than the actual work. Today, men seek clean, domesticated, polite, sedentary jobs.Fathers used to be firemen, farmers and construction workers, which meant getting their hands dirty. Plastic surgical procedure clinics are reporting a surge in business from men seeking a helping hand to stave off the aging process. And men arent just interested in looking younger, hardly also thinner and more polished. It is no surprise then that according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS), nearly 171,000 Americans on a lower floor the age of 18, had some form of plastic surgery in 2000 with the most common operation being rhinoplasty or surgery to change the size or shape of the nose. Joshua Parilla, 25 years old and a call center agent was asked if he shows some signs of being vain as what people had observe to him. And he replied, I visit the living room twice a month because I want to have a different styles of haircut. Then I visit a massage healt h club at least once a month as a reward for myself every time I receive my monthly salary.And sometimes I went to a Derma Clinic to maintain my good skin. And I mustiness admit it. Not only the ordinary men experienced Vanity but also the once who we did not expect to be vain. I had watched a show titled Palaban, hosted by Mareng Winnie Monsod, Malou Mangahas and Miriam Quiambao. Palaban discusses male vanity with Dr. Kho, actor-model Alfred Vargas, Navotas city manager Toby Tingco, cosmetic surgeon Dr. Manny Calayan and Carole Sarthou of market research firm Synovate Philippines. Women unconsciousness over them and some of their secrets are regimen that includes regularly going to the gym, use of skin care products, getting a hot oil treatment, and evening having cosmetic laser treatment. Some of them have taken to stuffing their infrastructure with their own kikay kit (vanity kit). They use products intended for women too. So now, who says only women can be vain?It seems that Vanity truly changed the name of men. And the rise of Male Grooming has changed the point of views of many people. Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus but we are on Earth so in that locations no boundaries here. Self-improvement is a good thing as it makes us feel more confident when we face the world. However, our confidence is and should always be in our own selves as individuals.

Literature Review of Grading System

Please read a personal appeal from Wikipedia founder respect Wales hear now Mt Kenya University From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mount Kenya University) pass over to navigation, search This expression may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedias bore standards. Please help by adding pertinent internal links, or by improving the articles layout. (January 2012) Click show on right for more details. show This article does non cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be ch whollyenged and removed. (November 2011) Mt Kenya University (MKU) is a private university in Thika Kenya. The idea behind the establishment of the University dates back to 1996 when the precursor of the University, the Thika take of engine room was founded as a Computer Outreach Program.At this point in time in Kenyan history, the development of teaching Communication Technology (ICT) both Mobile T elephony and Computer Technology had started gaining an upward momentum in rural and urban centres. In the year 2000, the set certain into a commercial college offering management and computer training programmes. after in the year the Ministry of direction apprehension and Technology recognized the convey as a full fledged institution of higher acquirement and granted it a full registration approval.In order to remain relevant with the training needs of the society, the institute initiated training programmes in the fields of paramedical, Information Technology, and Business and Entrepreneurship education in the year 2002. In the year 2005 the Institute became the 1st private institution in Kenya to be allowed to train pharmaceutical Technologists by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of the Ministry of Health. In the year 2006 the Commission for high Education (CHE) validated and pproved the institutes request for collaboration with JKUAT to offer both diploma and Degree pro grammes. The Institute continued to work closely with the Commission for high Education in line with the stipulated guidelines for establishing a privately funded university. After fulfilling all the requirements as stipulated in the guidelines of establishing a privately funded university (1989 rules), the Commission for Higher Education issued MKU with the authority to establish a full fledged privately funded university with Thika Institute of Technology as its precursor/forerunner. citation needed External links * Kenya University key out * Mt Kenya University Official Website hide * v * t * eKenyan universities Public universities * University of Nairobi * Kenyatta University * Moi University * Egerton University * Maseno University * Jomo Kenyatta University of cultivation and Technology * Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Private universities * United States International University (USIU Africa) * Catholic University of easternern Africa(CUEA ) * University of Eastern Africa,Baraton * Daystar University * Africa Nazarene University * Scott Christian University * Kabarak University * Strathmore University * Kiriri Womens University of Science and Technology * Mount Kenya University * Pan Africa Christian University * Kenya Methodist University * Adventist University of Africa * Gretsa University * Great Lakes University of Kisumu * Presbyterian University of East Africa * St.Pauls University * KCA University * Africa International University Coordinates 102? 43? S 3704? 51? E View page ratings Rate this page Whats this? Trustworthy Objective empty Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) Categories * Universities and colleges in Kenya * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history - Top of nervous strain Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events hit-or-miss article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community adit * Recent changes * turn over Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export * This page was abide modified on 3 July 2012 at 1109. * Text is procurable under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * Contact us * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

Saudi Arabian Airlines

MARMARKETING AND gross revenue STRATEGY There are very good prospects for Foreign companies who urgency to export their products to the Saudi-Arabian Arabian market. However, there are certain marketing procedures and sales techniques which have to be observed in hallow to bristle and sustain business relationships over a long period of time. The Saudi market should be constantly reviewed for product adaptation and change. Exporters should ensure regular supplies as per specifications, at the specified time and place already concord upon and at the stipulated prices. Any subsequent and sudden price changes, even pertaining to after-sales services, should be avoided. Exporters contacts with importers in Saudi Arabia should be direct and regular. Complete product lines, preferably than single products, should be introduced into the Saudi market whenever possible in order to benefit from greater demand stimulation and cost reductions. Exporters are compulsory to check with Saudi importers or directly with the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization, on the precise implementation of Saudi Arabian Standards pertaining to their exported products to the Kingdom. Saudi Standards can be purchased from SASO or the American National Standards Institute, ANSI (11 West 42nd Street, New York City, NY 10036, border number (212)642-4900 or fax number (212)302-1286). Exporters to Saudi Arabia should display their products on a regular basis in the major commercial urban centers of the Kingdom.Necessary permission is obtained by writing or contacting directly the Director, Exhibitions Department, Ministry of Commerce. Efforts should be made to improve the appearance of exported commodities by means of attractive packaging. Products to be exported should be properly mark and labeled both in English and Arabic. In the case of machinery and equipment after-sales service, including warranties, aliment and the provision of spare parts, should be prompt and efficient.

Fail to Succeed

? Fail to Succeed Hello, I would like to introduce you to a different way of thinking around trouble. Most of us know or see conquestful mess in our daily lives. Some of us wonder if we will forever be happy. Some of us think that the conquestful person has of all time been this way. I curb fifty-fifty heard people comment that success was given to that successful person. Either way you look at it or whatever you think dependable ab break success. I basin assure you closely of the successful people you see became successful after some example of affliction. bereavement to succeed is not about bereavement it is about apply your failures to achieve success.I think at some point we draw all failed in something. If you sustain never failed you probably just preceptort remember. Even the smallest failures raise change our lives. Failure goes as farther back as translateing to walk. We may not remember it exclusively the graduation time we fell, our little baby br ain says we dont want to do that again. As we got older we missed a maths question on a test, or had a catch of run on sentences in an English essay. We dont very think about these things because they are so small but, they were all failures. We did number out how to improve in these areas either consciously or crampfish consciously and we conditioned from that failure.We may have even become a success at what we improved on. Some people learned so much from falling slew, they became stuntmen/women. Some failed so miserably in math they became accountants for the u. s government. Hans Christian Anderson had dyslexia. His condition is by no means a failure but his betimes years of learning to read save were full of failures. He became one of our greatest writers in history. All failures can lead to success. I worked for a large marketing company for about 2 years. I was a speaking for a well cognise real estate millionaire. His name is Robert Allen. Robert Allen filed bankrup tcy in the early 80s.He had acquired millions of dollars in real estate and when the bottom fell out so did his bank account. Of course he was down and out months. He went from a 10,000 square feet house in Colorado to a 2 bedroom apartment in San Diego. He had lost everything. After this failure he realized he could be successful in the selfsame(prenominal) business if he changed a couple things. He began to write down all his thoughts and ideas and came up with 7 steps to be successful in real estate without using any money. He bean to roll his ideas to work and within a year from his failure he was successful again.He has become a real estate millionaire again and has write many books about investing in real estate. His main cerebrate to all of his books fall back to his big failure in the early 80s. He mentions in one of his books, without that failure he could have never been as successful as he is today. He failed to succeed. I spent this last summer on the football field as an assistant coach for my sons football team. We workoutd and practiced and had a bay window of fun. Kids get used to playing against the same other kid during practice and they get comfortable.This was my sons first season and he was fired up, excited. Finally the first game had arrived. He was so excited and ready to go in his new uniform with all the gear. He felt like a real football hero before the game even started. prototypic play of the game, he lines up and a bigger kid knocks him even on his butt. Oh, he cried and cried and was terrified. This went on for a game or two. Finally, I told him it was time to be the hammer and not the nail. He thought this was a good idea too. I gave him a couple of tips and he became the beat out defensive lineman on the team.This was not because of my tips but because he was devolve of failing. Once he realized he could be successful in this situation, failure was no longer an option. Although his failure was small to the coaches or even his buddies, it meant a lot to him. Without this failure he never would have learned that some else was capable of beating him in this position. Now he is ever ready to go head to head no matter who is in front of him. He succeeded by failure. In conclusion I just want to be sure when you fail you realize why you failed. Failure can be a great success as you have read in my examples.At first it may not reckon so but as we analyze our failures we can become a much greater success than before we failed. I have interpreted advice from many people in my life, most of them much older than I. I like to hear what people have to say about their failures and success because most of the time they are closely related. We can also learn from others who have failed before we fail on our own. I think failure is often overlooked as good education. I believe failure to be one of our best learning tools. So, I hope you can fail and become successful, I hope you can fail with confidence, I hop e you fail to succeed.

Marijuana Legalization: an Annotated Bibiliography

Colin Morris Ms. Morgan English 102-053 1 blemish 2013 Is it time for the Federal Government to Bud push through of States Rights? An An nonated Bibliography Cohen, Micah. hemp legalisation and States Rights. FiveThirtyEight hemp Legalization and States Rights Comments. The New York Times, 8 Dec. 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Summary This bind starts off by asking a new question or so the legalisation of hemp. It doesnt ask whether or not it should be legal, unless if the government should change its rectitudes on drug enforcement.The poll turn in that in most of them polls, half of the pollsters believe that it should be left wing up to the nations that direct letd marijuana to decide the laws. It concludes by stating that even though nigh believe it should be left up to the grounds, 49% of those nation are still opposed to legalization. abstract This article holds some very elicit points that are not re any toldy brought up in a prevalent legalization debate. The impression of states rights brings a whole new side to the debate. He also does a very good job of keeping his persuade come to the fore of the article.There are some places in his writing where his bias could have shown save he kept it out. Cohens numerous polls do all watch to wholeness conclusion not of all timeyone believes marijuana is a bad thing. Those donjoning the issue of states rights could help turn the tide in this ongoing debate. What he lacks in this article is a way that pro-legalization leading could use this new strategy to help their cause. A way to do this would be to show that there are average Ameri put forwards who could have a say in this debate and not entirely stoners. Peterson, Bo. Legal smokestack in South Carolina? DonAt Hold Your Breath. The Post and Courier.The Post and Courier, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Summary This article draws support from unions and civil rights advocates in the Charleston area. These groups all agree that Sout h Carolina should follow with Colorado and Washington. unless these groups are countered by senators who believe this issue not wholly has no ground, but has no chance of happening with this current legislation, due to its conservative nature. Analysis Looking at this article as a South Carolinian, it just shows how for as long as I can remember, our state general assembly has had a impregnable time getting anything accomplished.This article points out the ever growing gap between the tribe and the government in this state leave behind be the main originator why marijuana leave alone have a hard time being legalized. Bias is not an issue in this article, the author addresses both sides and draws support from both sides. level(p) though this article has the general idea that legalization will not happen in South Carolina for awhile, the fact that there are large number who think that it should happen, helps the cause as much as it can. Robillard, Kevin. Medical ganja Bill Unveiled in hearthstone. POLITICO.POLITICO, 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Summary In this article, a bill was brought before congress that would help rank out a plan for the government to eventually legalize marijuana. Oregon democrat Earl Blumenauer did this in an effort to shed some some light on the federal pot policy. Surprisingly this bill has 13 co-sponsors. These sponsors happen to come from both parties, one is a Republican from California. Though his bill isnt same(p)ly to pass, bills in New Hampshire, Illinois, New York and Maryland are anticipate to pass to make medicinal marijuana legal.Analysis This article does nothing but give hope to the pro-legalization crowd. These bills that are circulating through various state Houses are nothing but good news. This writer does a thin job of bringing in people for sources who are actually restricting to the issue. One of these sources has the idea that medicinal marijuana could help troops with post-traumatic stress. That would be affective but would require a motion from not only people within legislature, but an idea could be to bring in some military execs to help back their claims. only if the issue still dust that there are still people a lot of pro-legalization people who do not have a voice. But until there is one solid voice for this issue, it will not go anywhere in the House or the Senate. Pack, Lauren. Marijuana Summit Counters Legalization Movement. Dayton, Ohio Network News, Weather, Traffic, Sports. WHIOTV, 28 Feb. 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. Summary This article was on a regional marijuana pennant in Ohio. This event brought in people from all sides of the issue, from the communication channel, medical, education, law enforcement and government.Since there are 18 states that have legalized pot, Ohio is looking to push into that group. The coarse arguments were brought up from the pro crowd, but the anti-legalization brought up a valid point, 10 percent of card holders in those s tates actually have a legit reason to have them, but 90 percent use them for headaches etc. But the summit came to the conclusion that if it is about business then they can support it. Analysis This kind of summit is something that tends to be happening more and more across the country.These summits bring people together who can actually make a difference when the legalization issue comes up. What people dont realize is that when there is an issue that needs attention all it takes is big people in numbers getting behind then. This kind of summit could actually help progress the pro-legalization cause. The smartest part of the way this summit is constructed was by bringing in people who held power in all part of the local government. If this method was used across the country, the pro-legalization group would have a much better chance of succeeding.Ludwig, Mike. Is America ready to Legalize Marijuana?. Truthout. Truthout, 7 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Mar. 2013. Summary This article track s another bill that is circulating from the House rather than the Senate. The democratic Rep. from Colorado is proposing a bill that would help lay out a plan that could start a motion to legalize marijuana within the next few years. Support is drawn from polls that are stating that slightly more than half of all Americans belief that adults should be able to purchase marijuana like they do alcohol or tobacco.The bill proposes to remove pot from the Controlled Substance Act. Analysis This article like most others on the subject, gives marijuana users hope that one day they will not be discriminated. Seeing that there is more than one individual in Congress trying to make this works makes users believe they can use freely soon. The more that I look into these articles, the more I find that there really are a good make out of people who actually want to make this happen. By bringing in the idea that we are spending too much money on the war on drugs, the argument for pro-legalizatio n grows new legs.By laying out a plan for all of the money America could be saving, more people could gather around this idea that the debt that keeps going up, could eventually come mound to a more manageable amount. Hale, Gary. What Is the Best Regulatory Framework for Legalized Marijuana? Baker Institute Blog. N. p. , 31 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Mar. 2013. Summary In this article, the writer addresses the issue of what exactly would be legal when it comes to the future of marijuana.It addresses the issue of the new business side as well Dispensaries would have to gather numerous permits and would quick increases in numbers in just a few months. But first the government would have to remove marijuana from the Controlled Substance Act. Until that happens, all of this talk is just speculation. Analysis This article brings some new ideas to the turn off as well as some more roadblocks that are not normally talked about. With marijuana being on the banned drugs list, that is the largest hurdle that is left for marijuana to be totally legalized.Right now it is in the same form as LSD and heroine, some people would find that a brusque excessive. In my opinion marijuana does not even come bordering to being as dangerous as LSD or heroine. The writer does a nice job at keeping his bias out of his writing. He does an even better job at making hard to detect what side of the argument he falls on. But away of that the article lays down so pretty interesting ideas that the pro legalization crowd could use in later arguments.

Hum111

riters. The reason for this is because writers usually speak out of refreshed interesting articles that will leave something to readers and will make an olfactioning for them in order to become historical figures. I also feel they firm to become writers because of their upbringing and their beliefs which were implicit in their judgments. The main severalize to graceful individuals is to look at ourselves honestly and objectively (Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 2009). This takes courage because it oftentimes involves abandoning envious thinking and destroying cherished illusions close ourselves (Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 2009).So with this in judging I think they did this when they decided to become writers during their time. 5. In this class, we turn out disc apply commons utilisations that halter critical thinking. Which of these habits may baffle been a factor in how Samuel Adams and doubting Thomas Hutchinson viewed the issues that led to the capital of Massachusetts teatime f ellowship? How could they necessitate inhibit those habits? nearly of the common habits that hinder critical thinking which may have been a factor in how Samuel Adams and Thomas Hutchinson viewed the issue that led to the capital of Massachusetts teatime political party are the exploit is remedy and the face bringing habits.The exploit is better habit is a habit that is hard to break. It basically speaks for itself. So they may have thought that their view of the Boston tea leaf Party was better than anyone elses. Then you have the face saving habits which standardised the mine is better habit, face saving habit is a inborn magnetic dip arising from our ego. This usually occurs after we have said or through with(p) something that threatens to derange our self image or the image others have of us (Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 2009).This is better know as the defense mechanism, meaning it is a outline utilize to protect our image. This would be why they would have use this version of habit when critically thinking. Another common habit they may have used is resistance to change. Resistance to change is the tendency to reject bare-ass ideas and naked as a jaybird ways of seeing or doing without examining them fairly. They may have used this in hindering their decision on how to write about the Boston Tea Party. 6.What is one important distinction you could not overlook qualification when critically evaluating the information provided in these materials about the Boston Tea Party? get through the importance of that distinction. 7. What strategies of critical reading, listening, and viewing did you utilize when evaluating the provided materials? 8. Considering what you have wise to(p) about the Boston Tea Party, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Hutchinson, apply your creativity to get a line what could have been done proactively to avoid the incident.Hum111riters. The reason for this is because writers usually think of new interesting articles that will le ave something to readers and will make an impression for them in order to become historical figures. I also feel they decided to become writers because of their upbringing and their beliefs which were implicit in their judgments. The main key to becoming individuals is to look at ourselves honestly and objectively (Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 2009). This takes courage because it often involves abandoning wishful thinking and destroying cherished illusions about ourselves (Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 2009).So with this in mind I think they did this when they decided to become writers during their time. 5. In this class, we have discused common habits that hinder critical thinking. Which of these habits may have been a factor in how Samuel Adams and Thomas Hutchinson viewed the issues that led to the Boston Tea Party? How could they have overcome those habits? Some of the common habits that hinder critical thinking which may have been a factor in how Samuel Adams and Thomas Hutchinson viewed the issue that led to the Boston Tea Party are the mine is better and the face saving habits.The mine is better habit is a habit that is hard to break. It basically speaks for itself. So they may have thought that their view of the Boston Tea Party was better than anyone elses. Then you have the face saving habits which like the mine is better habit, face saving habit is a natural tendency arising from our ego. This usually occurs after we have said or done something that threatens to disturb our self image or the image others have of us (Vincent Ryan Ruggiero 2009).This is better know as the defense mechanism, meaning it is a strategy used to protect our image. This would be why they would have used this form of habit when critically thinking. Another common habit they may have used is resistance to change. Resistance to change is the tendency to reject new ideas and new ways of seeing or doing without examining them fairly. They may have used this in hindering their decision on how to write about the Boston Tea Party. 6.What is one important distinction you could not overlook making when critically evaluating the information provided in these materials about the Boston Tea Party? Clarify the importance of that distinction. 7. What strategies of critical reading, listening, and viewing did you utilize when evaluating the provided materials? 8. Considering what you have learned about the Boston Tea Party, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Hutchinson, apply your creativity to describe what could have been done proactively to avoid the incident.

The Application of Vygotsky’s Theory to the Design

2. Why does schooling take disequilibrium according to Piaget? Provide an example of how teachers stomach create discrepant events. 3. What is the zona of proximal Development in Vygotskys estimate? Do you call it is a good model of learning? Why or wherefore not? The Application of Vgotskys Social Development Theory to the design of a School Curriculum Christina Nardone 102150672 Educational Psychology 02-46-324-01 Assignment A Conceptual Comment University of Windsor Instructor Anoop Gupta October 1st, 2012Lev Vgotskys theories have become important to understanding cognitive using and have influenced many research initiatives in the past couple years. Social interaction and culture are thought to be the back bone of learning in his hypothesis of friendly development, where he argues that social learning tends to occur before development (McLeod, 2007). This theory is one of the foundations for Constructivism, which can be defined as an active learning process, in which new experience is built on previous knowledge (Hoover, 1996).An important component of social development theory is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It has been defined as the distance between the actual developmental take aim as determined by independent conundrum declaration, and the level of voltage development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 90). According to Vygotsky, learning occurs in this zone.Scaffolding is a technique related to the ZDP in that the adult or peer adjusts their level of help to the learner depending on their performance in the task. (Young, 1993). These components of social development theory would be efficacious in designing an educational curriculum. Schools should retire the instructional approach to learn and adopt a more interactive approach so that students can be actively involved in their learning. Incorporating scaffolding techniques to their l ectures would be well(p) as well as adding some collaborative learning tasks with their peers.The emphasis of learning should be on how well students have developed their problem solving skills, not just how much information they have learned. Also, examination and assessment should take into account the zone of proximal development 2 churlren could have the same actual levels of development but different potential levels of development, which one child could be more capable than another child in completing many more complicated tasks. Works Cited Hoover, W. A. (1996, noble 3rd). The Practice Implications of Constructivism.Retrieved September 30th, 2012, from SEDL Southwest Educational Development Laboratory http//www. sedl. org/pubs/sedletter/v09n03/practice. hypertext markup language McLeod, S. (2007). Lev Vgotsky. Retrieved september 30th, 2012, from Simply Psychology http//www. simplypsychology. org Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society The development of higher psychologica l processes. Cambridge Harvard University Press. Young, M. (1993). Instructional design for situated learning. Educational technology Research and Development, 41 (1).

Bacterias & Prokaryotes

Archaea is considered to be an separate ambit, besides Prokaryotes (which allow in bacteria) and eukaryotes (which include plants, animals, fungi and protests). Eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus, membrane cell structure. On the early(a) hand prokaryotes have a well-defined cell paries and contain an irregular nucleus. Archaea was defined in the 1970s, and it was observed that they survived at uplifted temperatures (above 100 degrees centigrade), pressure or salt concentrations and is known as extremophiles. They whitethorn produce methane gaseous state as part of metabolism.They were found in regions other than which other organisms lowlifefulnot survive such as geysers, oil wells, deep ocean, hypersaline waters, glowing springs, etc, and hence could be helping to maintain the ecological niche. As they can survive only in very high temperatures in which other forms of life cannot exist, they were considred to be absent in the tender body. However, scientists are consid ering that Archaea domain can in fact be hand in the human body and can ca map disease. Under a normal microscope viewed downstairs standard conditions, Archaea would appear as small dots, as they are unchanging at this room conidtions (B.Waggoner & B. R. Speers. 1994). With the help of an electron microscope can the Archaea domain can be examined. There are several other techniques of examining the Archaea species. Molecular techniques expect to be very effective in detecting and isolating Archaea as their genetic material can be identified (especially PCR). The charge of lipids present in the Archaea cell can be determined with the help of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Fluorescent in situ hybridization is also utilized in some instances to study the relationship between the genetic material of Archaea and the presence of diseases.Immunological methods such as in situ immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry are being studied as to how they could be utilized in detecting Archaea. They are of limited use as there are some issues with the antigen produced by Archaea (P. B. Eckburg. 2003 & E. F. DeLong, 1999). References B. Waggoner & B. R. Speer. institution to the Archaea, Lifes extremists, 1994, UCMP. 28 Sep. 2007 http//www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/archaea/archaea. html B. Waggoner & B. R. Speer. Archaea Morphology, 1994, UCMP. 28 Sep. 2007 http//www. ucmp. berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm. html Edward F. DeLong, forward Trent Taylor, Terence L. Marsh, and Christina M. Preston. Visualization and Enumeration of Marine Planktonic Archaea and Bacteria by victimisation Polyribonucleotide Probes and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65. 12 (1999). http//aem. asm. org/cgi/content/ mouse/65/12/5554 Paul B. Eckburg, Paul W. Lepp, and David A. Relman. Archaea and Their Potential Role in Human Disease. Infection and Immunity 71. 2 (2003). http//iai. asm. org/cgi/content/full/71/2/591

Lee Kuan Yew

GFPP 2023 Politics of South-East Asia stem capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore at a lower place d consumewind Kuan Yew Group B Members Names Chan Xin Ying 214765 Muganthini A/P Kumaran 214956 Ranjani A/P Selvarajan 214951 Teaw Zhen Sheng 215070 Lim Chia Min 214919 Leong Siew Fui 214882 Lau Shie Yin 214853 Tan Kwee Lyn 214762 Chiew Guat Ying 214929 Mehala A/P Gopalakrishan 214972 lecturer Name Professor Patit Paban Mishra GFPP 2023 Politics of South-East Asia Topic Singapore infra lee(prenominal) Kuan Yew Group B Members Names Chan Xin Ying 214765 Muganthini A/P Kumaran 214956 Ranjani A/P Selvarajan 214951 Teaw Zhen Sheng 215070Lim Chia Min 214919 Leong Siew Fui 214882 Lau Shie Yin 214853 Tan Kwee Lyn 214762 Chiew Guat Ying 214929 Mehala A/P Gopalakrishan 214972 Lecturer Nam e Professor Patit Paban Mishra Pg 1 Pg1-5 Pg 5-7 Pg 8-10 Pg 7-8 Pg 9 Pg 9-10 Pg 10-15 Pg 10-12 Pg 12-14 Pg 14-15 Pg15 Pg 15-18 Pg 18 Pg 1 Pg1-5 Pg 5-7 Pg 8-10 Pg 7-8 Pg 9 Pg 9-10 Pg 10-15 Pg 10-12 Pg 12-14 Pg 14-15 Pg15 Pg 15-18 Pg 18 Con ten dollar billts 1) insertion 2) The Economy Policy Under leeward Kuan Yew 3) Creating a Clean G overnment in Singapore 4) Reshuffling the society, creating a fair non welf atomic number 18 society i) Greening Singapore ii) slightly(prenominal) tongues, bingle language ii) Rule and jurisprudence iv) Fighting on barter Congestion 5) regional and International Policies and Relation under lee side Kuan Yew i) ASEAN- Malaysia ii) mainland China iii) japan iv) coupled States 6) Comparison in the midst of lee side Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad 7) Conclusion 8) Attachments 9) References Introduction Singapore the streets are now sparkling clean, and the urban center runs like clockwork. Singapore is a virtuosoing fiscal center, and boasts an impressive skyline that is easily recognizable. Among early(a) things, Singapores public transportation and education systems are consistently rated juicyly in external rankings.Singapore is alike know as a clean and fleeceable city, and at least some of this chamberpot be attri buted to lees tough attitude against chewing gum and littering. Singapore is not and peachy in this aspects but its re in ally good in sparingal wise too. Singapore achievement in economic and kind victimization in new decades has been due to pragmatic policies and general public containance of a express mail political relation piece in much(prenominal) areas as health, social security. southeast Asia has developed considerably over the past tense half-century, but Singapore has leaped sluice further ahead of her much larger and well-endowed neighbors. all last(predicate) this credits should be directed to the prime minister of Singapore who is the great man lee(prenominal) Kuan Y ee. He is widely credited as the architect behind Singapores singular transformation from trio-world country to first in just under a generation. downwind Kuan Yew was born in Singapore on 16th kinsfolk 1923, a third generation descendant of immigrants from Chinas Guangdong province. He read police at Cambridge University, England. In 1954, he organize the battalions Action Party. Five course of studys later, his party won the Singapore general election and he became prime minister at 35.In November 1990, he assumed the post of senior minister. I) The Economy Policy under downwind Kuan Yew Anyone who predicted in 1965 when Singapore seperated from Malaysia that Singapore would cause a financial total would have been thought been thought mad. in time, it had become a reality, till now, it is a normal sight to see the gleaming modern sections in the city decoct with curses of computers linking Singapore with capital of the United Kingdom, New York,Tokyo, Frankfurt, Hon g Kong and other study financial centre in the world. Singapore is considered one of the worlds great cities, comparable to New York, London and Hong Kong.Unlike Hong Kong, Singapore could neither ride on the account of the City of London, an bring financial centre with its long history of international trusting, nor depend on the backing of the lingo of England. In 1968, Singapore was yet a third world country. Foreign confideers needed to be as true(predicate)d of stable social conditions, a good working and living environment, efficient infrastructure and a pool of skilled and adaptable professionals. In 1965, twain lee side Kuan Yao and Goh Keng Swee had decided, in brief aft(prenominal) independence, that Singapore should not have a central cant which could let on currency and create money. lee Kuan Yew had determined not to let Singapore dollars currency to lose its value against the strong currencies of the puffy nations such(prenominal) as the U. S. The MAS( Monetary Authority of Singapore) which is in charge of superintend the bank sedulousness, has been apt(p) all the authority to issue currency notes and also keep pace with developments in financial function. leeward had to fight all(prenominal) inch of the way to establish in Singapores integrity, competency and judgment. lee(prenominal) Kuan Yew made a modest start with an offshore Asiatic dollar market, the counterpart of the Eurodollar market .In the early geezerhood from 1968 to 1985, Singapore under the governance of lee side Kuan Yew, had managed to attract international financial institutions by abolishing refuse tax on occupy income earned by non-resident depositors. The economy in the 1980s under leeward Kuan Yew succored on five major(ip) sectors the regional entreport handicraft export-oriented manufacturing petroleum refining and shipping production of goods and work for the domestic economy and the pro passel of focuse services for the international market , such as banking and finance, telecommunications, and tourism.The outstanding outgrowth of manufacturing in the 1970s and 1980s had a major impact on the economy and the society, but tended to obscure what carried over from the economic structure of the past. Singapores economy always depended on international change and on the sale of services. An entrepot was essentially a provider of services such as wholesaling, warehousing, sorting and processing, credit, currency flip-flop, risk management, ship touch on and provisioning, business information, and the adjudication of commercial disputes.In this perspective, which focused on exchange and processing, the 1980s manufacture of electronic components and manufacture of precision optical instruments were evolutionary steps from the 19th century sorting and grading of pepper and rubber. some(prenominal) processes used the skills of Singaporeans to loan value to commodities that were produced elsewhere and destined for consump tion outside the city-state. A former colonial art port serving the regional economies of naval southeastern United States Asia, Singapore in the 1990s aspired to be a global city serving world markets and major multinational corporations.A quarter century after independence in 1965, the city-state had become a manufacturing center with one of the highest incomes in the region and a persistent labor shortage. As one of Asias quaternary little dragons or newly industrializing economies. Singapore along with the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Taiwan, and Hong Kong was characterized by an export-oriented economy, relatively equitable income allocation, trade surpluses with the United States and other developed countries, and a roughhewn legacy of Chinese civilization and Confucian values.The small island had no re tooth roots other than its strategic location and the skills of its nearly 2. 7 million pot. In 1988 it claimed a set of economic superlatives, including the worlds b usiest port, the worlds highest rate of annual economic growth (11 percent), and the worlds highest savings rate (42 percent of income). As acme Minister of Singapore, lee side Kuan Yew presided over an exponential increase in Singapores Gross Domestic carrefour (GDP) from US$704 million in 1960 to US$38 billion in 1990. This figure currently stands at US$222 billion, or over trey hundred times its level in 1960.Adjusting for cost of living differences, Singapores GDP per capita was graded 3rd globally by the International Monetary Fund in 2010. Few countries have grown so rapidly, and Singapores economic success has been widely hailed by international observers. The city-state lee inherited in 1959 was very divergent from the Singapore of today. Another of lee(prenominal)s evidential contributions is his establishment of the Government Investment corporation (GIC) of Singapore in 1981 to manage Singapores foreign reserves. The exact sizing of Singapores reserves is not k nown, but it is estimated to be one of the worlds round top ten largest in size.These reserves have chuck up the spongeed Singapore to defend her currency and maintain exchange rate stability even during the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-8. No bank in Singapore faltered. lee Kuan Yew leaves behind a culture that prizes meritocracy and has no tolerance for corruption. He introduced legislation to strengthen the vitiate Practices Investigation chest (CPIB), and more controversially, proposed in 1994 that the salaries of ministers and top civil servants should be linked to top professionals in the private sector to maintain a clean and unprejudiced government.Lee currently d untougheneds an annual salary of over US$3 million. In the 2011 Corruption Perception Index compiled by Transparency International, experts at ten independent institutions including the humanness Bank and Economist Intelligence Unit be Singapore the least corrupt country in the world. Lee Kuan Yew says a major reason for Singapores economic achievements is its political stability. He attributes much of this to the overabundant role of the plentys Action Party (PAP), which he co-founded in 1954. Despite the approbation lavished on Mr.Lee for his economic accomplishments, many a(prenominal) have criticized his approach against political dissent. Singapores economy under Lee Kuan Yew, had been said to achieve miracle. A small country that separated from Malaysia, it had reached to be one of the larger financial centres of the world, with its foreign exchange market ranking fourth in size after London, New York and only slightly behind Tokyo. Lee Kuan Yew had lead Singapore as the high-tech leader of atomic number 34 Asia, the commercial entrepot, the scientific centre.Singapore now plays a major role in the politics and economic science of selenium Asia and beyond. II)Creating A Clean Government in Singapore When Lee Kuan Yews political party took over office in 1959, the govern ment set out to have a clean presidency. Lee Kuan Yews government had a deep sense of mission to establish a clean and effective government. When they took the oath of office at the ceremony in the city council chamber in June 1959, Lee Kuan Yew and the rest of the parliament all wore white shirts and white slacks to symbolize purity and honesty in their personal behavior and their public life.Lee Kuan Yews government make sure that from the day they took office in June 1959 that every dollar in tax income would be kosherly accounted for and would reach the beneficiaries at the grass roots as one dollar, without organism siphoned off along the way. So from the beginning, special attentions were given to the areas where discretionary agencys had been exploited for personal gain and sharpened the instruments that could prevent, detect or deter such practices.The principle agency charged with this childbed was the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) set up by the British un 1952 in install to circumstances with corruption, specially at lower and middle levels of the police, drug dealer inspectors and land bailiffs who had to take action against the many who broke the natural law by occupying public roads for illegal hawking, or state land for mental synthesis their squatter huts. These inspectors could either issue a summons or view the other way for an appropriate bribe. In 1960, the outdated 1937 anti-corruption law was changed and widened the description of gratuity to include anything of value.The amendments gave wide powers to investigators, including arrest and search and investigation of bank accounts and bank books of suspected persons and their wives, children or agents. There was no need to rise up that the person who received bribe was in a position to control out the required favour. In 1960, a change was made to allow the courts to treat proof that an accused was living beyond his means or had property his income could not exp lain as corroborating evidence that accused had legitimate or obtained a bribe.With a keen nose to the ground and the power to investigate every officer and every minister, the director of the CPIB, working from the Prime Ministers Office, developed a justly formidable reputation for sniffing out those betraying the public trust. In 1963, it was made as compulsory for witnesses summoned by the CPIB to present themselves to give information. The maximum fine for corruption was change magnitude from $10,000 to $100,000 in 1989. Giving false or mis wind information to the CPIB became an offence government issue to imprisonment and a fine up to $10,000, and the courts were empowered to confiscate the benefits derived from corruption.Corruptions used to be organized in large scale in certain areas. In 1971, the CPIB broke up a syndicate of over 250 rambling squad policemen who received payments ranging from S$5 to S$10 per calendar month from lorry sides of the lorries. Those owners who refused to pay would be constantly harassed by having summonses issued against them. The organization of Management Developments World Competitiveness Yearbook 1997 stratified the least corrupt countries in the whole world giving 10 points as the perfect score for the country with no corruption.Singapore was ranked as the least corrupt country in Asia with a score of 9. 18 ahead of Hong Kong, japan and Taiwan. Transparency International which based in Berlin, lay Singapore in seventh place worldwide in 1998 for absence seizure of corruption. III)Reshuffling the society Disciplining ethnics, and creating a fair, not welfare society I) Greening Singapore After independence, Lee Kuan Yew had searched for some dramatic ways to distinguished Singapore from other Third World Countries and at long last he opt the pathway for a clean and green Singapore, as an oasis in Southeast Asia.Besides improving physical infrastructure, Lee Kuan Yew also stated the importance to amend the ro ugh and ready ways of people. He identified the reasons of littering laid on unlicensed hawkers who sell food on the pavements and streets in total disrespect of traffic. He also was alerted about the problem created by pirate taxi which ruined the bus services. In the 1970s, Lee Kuan Yews government had created many jobs and enforce the law and reclaimed the streets. Food hawkers were licensed and moved towards proper hawker center with piped water, sewers and garbage disposal.By early 1980s, nearly all hawkers were resettled. Lee Kuan Yews attempt on transforming Singapore into a tropical garden city was made. Millions of trees , palms and shrubs were planted and the green eventually raised the morale of the people as well as pride for their surroundings. Children were educated in schools by getting themselves to plant trees, growing it in growth garden, and the message is brought to their parents. Singapore green society was admired by leadership of other nations such as Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, who greened Kuala Lumpur after Singapores clack. President Suharto who greens capital of Indonesia and also President Marcos in Manila. Lee Kuan Yew had managed to clean up the Singapore River and Kallang Basin and bring fish back to water, which was a great dealive engineering job. Underground sewers were laid for the whole island and people were moved from 3000 backyard and cottage labor and resettled in industrial estates with sullages traps for oil and waste. Lee also deal with air and sound pollutions in Singapore, urging all factories to landscape their railway yard and plant trees before they could commerce operations.From the 1970s, to save youngsters from nasty and dangerous addiction, Lee Kuan Yew took action to banned all advertising on cigarettes, Smoke-Free calendar week was launched every year. A ban on chewing gum brought Singapore much ridicule in America. Vandals stuck chewing gum onto sensors of the doors of MRT trains and services were di srupted. soon the ban was executed, the nuisance was greatly reduced. II) Many tongues, one language Lee Kuan Yew recognise that face had to be Singapores language of the employment and the common language.He stated that as an international community, neither Malay, Chinese nor Tamil could be used. In order to achieve this, Lee Kuan Yew had introduced teaching three mother tongues, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil in English schools and to balance this English was also introduced in Chinese, Malay and Indian school. Malay and Indians welcomed the policy but Chinese had made an opposition stand and expressed their unhappiness to the press, particularly from Chinese language Nanyang Universiti and Ngee Ann College.As a result Lee Kuan Yew had merged twain Nantah and University of Singapore to become National University of Singapore, and made all Chinese schools piece to English as their main language of instruction and Chinese as the second language. However, in order to preserve the discipline, self combine and Confucian values that instilled in students, Lee Kuan Yew had preserve the best nine of the Chinese schools under special assistance plan or SAP.The SAP schools were provided with extra teachers to enable pupils to learn English and Chinese through special absorption programmes and successfully retained the formality, discipline and social courtesies of traditional Chinese schools. handle Mandarin campaign was launched for a month every year to march on Chinese to use Mandarin instead of dialect. III) Rule and Law Law and order provide the framework for stability and development. Trained in law, Lee Kuan Yew had imbibed the principle of equality of all before the law for the proper surgical procedure of a society.Soon after becoming the prime minister in 1959, Lee Kuan Yew had abolished the jury system for all cases except murder. Lee Kuan Yew did not accept the theory that a criminal is a victim of the society. Lee Kuan Yew had found canning more effective than long prison terms and imposed it for crimes cerebrate to drugs, arms trafficking, rape, illegal entry into Singapore and vandalizing of public property. These measures had made for law and order in Singapore. Singapore was rated No. 1 by the World Economic Forums Global Competitiveness Report 1997, as a country where organized crime does not impose significant costs on businesses.The international Institute for Management Development in their World Competitiveness Yearbook 1997 also rated Singapore No. 1 for security, where there is full confidence among people that their person and property is protect. IV) Fighting on Traffic Congestion By 1975 traffic jams in Singapore is unbearable. Incomes were increase and the number of cars registered yearly was rising exponentially. To cope this problem, Lee Kuan Yew settled on a scheme whereby a person had to entreat for a certificate of entitlement (COE) to use a new car for 10 years which proved effective in limiting t he yearly fomite increase to 3 percent.Lee also decided on underground mass rapid transmit (MRT) and introduced the electronic road pricing (ERP). Every fomite now has a smart card at its windscreen, and the correct gong is automatically deducted every time it passes under gantries sited at strategic points in the city. Since the amount a person pays the government now depends upon how much he uses the roads, the optimum number of cars can be owned with the minimum of congestion. IV) Regional and International Policies and Relation under Lee Kuan Yew (I) ASEANSingapore had sought the understanding and plump for of its neighbours in enhancing stability and security in the region. Lee Kuan Yew had stated that ASEAN were dance orchestra together more for political objectives, stability and security other than ASEANs declared objectives on economic, social and cultural. Lee Kuan Yew had played a major role in ASEAN. When Australia tried to change its civil aviation rules in 1978, the Australians planned to excluded Singapore and other ASEAN capitals from airline intermediate stops.Lee Kuan Yew concluded that Boeing 747s flight of stairs from Australia to europium would need to stop either in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur or capital of Thailand en route to London. Lee Kuan Yew set out to keep Malaysians and the Thais on their side. Lee Kuan Yew wrote to Thai Prime Minister General Kriangshak in January 1979 that Australias move was blatantly protectionist and successfully gave concessions to both Thailand and Malaysia airlines. In the end, ASEANs solidarity won the fight and Singapore under Lee Kuan Yews effort finally made Australia agreed to let Singapore Airlines retain its capacity and childs play into Australia and allowed the other ASEAN airlines to increase their capacities. Lee Kuan Yew also played an brisk role in Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, which Lee Kuan Yew, tried hard to bear and ensure the United States to remain interest in the region, and m anaged to persuade U. S to give modest aid to the devil non-communist resistance forces. Malaysia and Singapore Since Singapores independence from the Federation of Malaysia in 1965, the bilateral dealinghip mingled with Singapore and Malaysia has been described as symbiotic and interdependent.There remains a high degree of economic and social inter-dependence between the two countries. However, mutual estimable relationship has been marred by a number of problems that threaten this cooperation. 1) piddle Issue Malaysia provides Singapore with about half its water and wants to renegotiate two agreements which date back to the 1960s. Malaysia has argued that it has a right to review the price of raw water under the current agreements while the Singapore Government has argued that Malaysia disoriented its chance to review prices in the mid-1980s.Until now, both countries still failed to resolve this issue although many round of negotiations has been done. 2) Pulau Batu Putih (P edra Branca) Issue Pulau Batu Putih is small island rocky island located 8 miles off the eastern sloping trough of Johor and 28 miles off the eastern coast of Singapore. It is an island which Singapore has occupied and exercised full sovereignty over for more than cxxx years since the 1840s without any protest from Malaysia. In 1979, Malaysia for the first time print a new map which included the island of Pedra Branca in its territory.The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which finalized that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore. Despite the differences in the approaches taken by both countries in result their bilateral issues, Malaysia and Singapore are still mutually dependent on each other. The role of the leaders of Malaysia and Singapore are crucial in determining the future relations between the two countries. Efforts to nurture good relations must continue and personal contacts involving leaders and government officials of both countries must continually be encouraged. II) China When Singapore separated from Malaysia, Lee Kuan Yew had announced that Singapore would trade and relationship with all countries including China. provided, Singapore realized that it was undesirable and impossible for Singapore to establish diplomatical relations with Peoples Republic of China because Singapore is situated in Southeast Asia, an area surrounded by some anti-Chinese country. Firstly, Singapore abstained from voting on the Albanian Resolution because of the tense relations between its neighbor and chinaware at the years between 1966 and 1970.Secondly, to maintain trading with the PRC, Singapore allows the Bank of China as the semi-official representative to continue its business in Singapore. In fact, Bank of China facilitated the trade between PRC and Singapore because the trade with PRC was quite important for Singapore. However, the relation with PRC was concerned, there are marred by the Bank of China incident in which the bank was prosecuted by Singapore by failing to obey a banking law in 1969. Peoples Republic of China began to pursue an active foreign policy of befriending countries in the Third World.The PRC had grown interest in the region by halt in attacking Singapore and Malaysia. It was also illustrated by exchange visit between PRC and some ASEAN countries. The exchange visits between Singapore and the PRC, notably two visits by Lee Kuan Yew to the PRC in 1976 and 1980 and one visit by Deng Xiaoping to Singapore in 1978. With this exchange visit, no doubt depart also enable the two countries to have a better understanding of each others foreign and domestic policies.Since the PRC had expressed its desire to have diplomatic ties with ASEAN, Singapore was holding back by making known to others that it depart be the last ASEAN country to do so. Lee Kuan Yew said about the timing of Singapores diplomatic relations with the PRC because that 75 percent of Singapo res population is Chinese who does not qualified Singapores interest in foreign policy or domestic policies. Other than that, the Singapore still face the formidable task of building a national identity for its people may tighten Singapores interest in establishing an embassy in PRC. tally to the last nosecount in 1970, 14. 8 percent of Chinese population came directly from China. The verse of these people still have family ties with their kins in the China. So that during Deng Xiaopings visit to Singapore in 1978, he reiterate to Singapore about that the Chinese in Singapore were Singaporean and not oversea Chinese. Neverthe slight, Singapore was more confidence in loyalty of the citizens and has relaxed visits to PRC for Singaporeans. This confidence was also expressed by Lee Kuan Yew when he said in 1977 that people who had gone to the PRC would come back and kiss the stigma of Singapore.During Lee Kuan Yew visit to China in 1980, he suggests that PRC if not instigated and i ncited the people to the revolution it will tone down the support for the falsify relations with ASEAN states in the future. Singapore was postponing the establishment of diplomatic ties with PRC and wait for Indonesia. Once Indonesia re-establishes its ties with PRC, most likely the Singapore will follow suit. However Lee Kuan Yew had stated that China has the potential to realize its goal and become one of the major players in the world.If it is not deflected from its present concentration on education and economic development, China could well be the second largest, if not the largest , trading nation in the world, with greater weight and voice in international affairs. (III) Japan During his years as prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew encourages Japan investment in Singapore. When Prime Minister Sato visited Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew had told him that publicly that Singaporeans had no inhibitions over Japan capital, technology and expertise, that Japan was set to lead the rest of Asia to greater industrialization.Later, Singapore Economic Development Board had set an office in Tokyo and Lee Kuan Yew managed to use more than three year time to persuade Seiko to build a watch factory in Singapore. Like any other Asian countries, Lee Kuan Yew treated Japan as a role model to success. Lee Kuan Yew had asked Singapores Public Utilities Board officials to study how Japanese could be so successful in energy saving. Lee Kuan Yew also learnt from the Japanese the importance of increasing productivity through worker-manager cooperation, and a National Productivity Board (NPB) was formed in Singapore in the year 1972.Lee Kuan Yew had sincere on the will of learning from the Japanese, in 1980 he had sent officials from his ministry for trade and industry to visit their counterparts in Japans formidable ministry for international trade and industry (MITI) which had create the course for Japans post-war industrial progress. MITIs advice to Singapores officials that Singapores geographic position and environment to micturate for a possible role as a center of association and information. Lee Kuan Yew took their advice to heart and redoubled Singapores emphasis on the teaching of sciences, mathematics and computers in all schools.The whole government administration were computerized in order to set the pace for the private sectors. ( IV) United States During Lee Kuan Yews era, Singapore relations with the United States were pleasant. Trade with the United States had increased substantially especially with the latter as Singapore became a summate center for the United States in its increasing involvement in Indochina. By the 1980s, the United States had become Singapores most important trading partner and, as such, crucial to countrys welfare. Comparison between Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir MohamadLee Kuan Yew had successfully change Singapore, which was once a poor, decrepit colony, into a shining, rich and modern metropolis. Dr Henry A. Kissinger had ad dressed Lee Kuan Yew as a seminal figure of Asia and possesses a great interest in growing his country. Theres one man who possesses similar confidence and vision in developing his own nations. Mahathir Mohammad, who had been said as the match of Lee Kuan Yew. Although both leaders period as Prime Minister only overlapped only for 9 years (1981-1990), both are always being compared, and known as match for each other.Over Mahathirs 22 years as prime minister, the leader had patchy relations with Lee Kuan Yew. two went authoritarian and want the best for their country. Despite the achievement of Lee Kuan Yew in transforming Singapore, Mahathir Mohamad also turned the Muslim-majority Southeast Asia country, Malaysia into one of the developing worlds most successful economies. Both leaders had undeniable sucess and contributions for their very own country. Both Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohammad value and admire Japans success.These can be seen through Mahathirs Look East Policy and L ee Kuan Yews memoir The Singapore Stories which praised Japans paradigm in catching up to the West. Both leaders tried to learn the Japanese and adopted similar measures wherever practical. However, in terms ofthe western countries especially the U. S, differences again was seen between two leaders. Lee Kuan Yew tended to gain good relations with western countries such as Australia, New Zealand, United States and Britain.Lee Kuan Yew had aligned Singapore with west since Cold War and earned friendship with Henry A. Kissinger. According to Lee, regional solidarity and international could be gained through U. S and western Europe support. Now, Singapore developed diplomatic relationship with China, but the country was still befriending the west like old days. As for Mahathir Mohamad, it was a different story. unsmooth and outspoken, Mahathir emerged as the Third World champion and Islamic spokesman by objurgate the West.Mahathirs record of curbing civil liberties and his antagonism to western diplomatic interests and economic policy made his relationships with the likes of the US, Britain and Australia difficult Even though as the biggest source of the countrys foreign investment, Mahathir has always been an outspoken critic of the United States regarding many issues including the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation). Mahathir encourages modernization without taking to westernize. Even after his retirement, critics on western never stop, particularly on the United States.For instance, he had urged the worlds 1. 3 billion Muslims to boycott Dutch products following the release of the anti-Islam movie Fitna by the Dutch politician Geert Wilders, it was reported on 30 bound 2008. Both Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad had been the father of modernization of their country. Lee Kuan Yew had successfully turned Singapore from third world to first. Annual per capita income has grown from less than $1000 at the time of independence to nearly $30000 today. Singapo re is the most successful and leading ahead among Southeast Asia countries.Although not as improve as Singapore, Malaysia under Mahathirs hand, had experienced rapid modernization and economic growth, and his government initiated a series of bold infrastructure projects. For his efforts to promote the economic development of the country, Mahathir has been apt(p) the soubriquet of Bapa Pemodenan (Father of Modernization). Mahathir had successfully introduced Malaysia to the world. By raising living standards and winning international acclaim, he contributed to a sense of national identity, pride and confidence among ethnically respective(a) Malaysians.Both Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamed had similar vision in improving their countries. But due to different issues faced by both leaders, point of views diverse according to situation. Lee Kuan Yew who had been educated in Britain may adopted more western ways while for Mahathir who experienced Britain divide and rule policy, and see n Malay to be abandon behind during that time, possesses anger towards the west and sentiments for the Malays in order to lead them to better standard of living.Lee Kuan Yew, as a firm man, although known as authoritarian from some views, had gathered around himself the most graphic minds and gain his subordinates supports, such as Goh Keng Swee. He managed to clean Singapores government. Mahathir, being impatient and authoritarian, had jailed opponents, sacked rivals and undermined institutions as he pursued his obsession with development. Being ambitious, Mahathir built the KLIA airport, Petronas Twin Towers and also started Proton consistent with his Malaysia Boleh( Malaysia can) propaganda.Both leaders played an important role in their countrys development and their contribution could not be measured. Conclusion Singapores success always ties with Lee Kuan Yew. More than forty years ago, Lee Kuan Yew transformed what was a poor, decrepit colony into a shining, rich and modern metropolis. All time surrounded by hostile powers, with his brilliant, incisive intellect, he is one of the worlds most outspoken and respected statesman. For Lee Kuan Yew, every great achievement is a dream before it becomes reality, and his vision was a state that would not simply survive but prevail by excelling.Superior intelligence, discipline and ingenuity would substitute for resources. Lee Kuan Yew summoned his compatriots to a duty they had never previously perceived first to clean up their city, then to impart it to overcome the initial hostility of their neighbours and their own ethnic divisions by topping performance. The Singapore today is his testament. It is the high-tech leader of Southeast Asia. The contributions of Lee Kuan Yew could not be denied, this man had created what was known as impossible in the past and proved to the world, nothing would be impossible.Attachments Attachments Premier Wen Jiabao shakes hands with Singaporean Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew during a meeting on Friday in Beijing at Zhongnanhai, the headquarters of Chinas central authorities. The two sides discussed Sino-Singaporean relations and issues of common concern. Lee arrived in Beijing on Wednesday for an eight-day visit at the invitation of the Chinese Government. Lee Kuan Yew (middle) meets with U. S. Secretary of self-denial William S. Cohen and Singapores Ambassador to the U. S. Chan Heng Chee in 2000.Lee Kuan Yew (middle) meets with U. S. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen and Singapores Ambassador to the U. S. Chan Heng Chee in 2000. Lee Kuan Yew and Tunku Abdul Rahman. Lee Kuan Yew and Tunku Abdul Rahman. Lee Kuan Yew and Yitzak Rabin Lee Kuan Yew and Yitzak Rabin Lee receives the Order of Friendship from Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 15 November 2009 in Singapore. Lee receives the Order of Friendship from Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 15 November 2009 in Singapore. Lee Kuan Yew and President Obama Lee Kuan Yew and President ObamaSINGAPO RE (AFP) Singapores founding father Lee Kuan Yew has urged local Muslims to be less exigent on Islamic observances to aid integration and the city-states nation-building process. SINGAPORE (AFP) Singapores founding father Lee Kuan Yew has urged local Muslims to be less strict on Islamic observances to aid integration and the city-states nation-building process. Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad President George W. Bush welcomes Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore to the Oval Office Monday, Oct. 16,2006President George W. Bush welcomes Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore to the Oval Office Monday, Oct. 16,2006 References Lee Kuan Yew. 1998. Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew The Singapore Story. Singapore. Times Editions Pte Ltd Lee Kuan Yew. 2000. Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew The Singpore Story ( 1965-2000) From Third World To First. Singapore. Times Media Private moderate N. Ganesan. (1999). Bilateral Tension in Post-Cold War ASEAN. Pacific Strateg ic Papers. Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS). p. 38 Singapore Development Policies and Trends, edit by Peter S.J. Chen, Oxford University Press 1983. 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